Anion Gap Increased: Causes & Reasons

Possible Causes for Anion Gap Increased

anion gap Metabolic acidosis, increased anion gap Metabolic acidosis, increased anion gap (IAG) Respiratory acidosis 276.2 Excludes Applies To Acidosis: NOS lactic metabolic [icd9data.com]

A high osmolal gap associated with increased anion gap acidosis is said to be indicative of toxic alcohol poisoning though this is not at all specific [Salem and Mujais 1992 [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

gap is increased but 39 my question is what is the mechanism for alcholic ketoacidosis? [usmleforum.com]

Salicylate Poisoning

Severe salicylate poisoning is classically associated with an anion gap metabolic acidosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

anion gap, remember, it's salicylic ACID). [forums.studentdoctor.net]

Arterial blood gas analysis showed metabolic acidosis with an increased anion gap. [oatext.com]

Methanol Poisoning

Methanol increases the osmolal gap in serum and its metabolite formate increases the anion gap. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

As the methanol is metabolised, the osmolar gap returns toward normal and the anion gap increases. [anaesthesiamcq.com]

The diagnosis of methanol poisoning is based on the suspicion of ingestion, and the presence of visual disturbances, and metabolic acidosis with increased anion gap and markedly [prognosisapp.com]

Diabetic Ketotic Coma

Laboratory evaluation reveals hyperglycemia, ketosis (β-hydroxybutyrate > acetoacetate), and metabolic acidosis (arterial pH 6.8–7.3) with an increased anion gap ( Table 24 [accessmedicine.mhmedical.com]

Assuming the normal anion gap is 12 mmols/l, then the increase in the anion gap is 22 mmol/l and should be approximately matched by the decrement in the [HCO 3 ] as the average [anaesthesiamcq.com]

[…] in free calcium since the excess hydrogen displaces calcium from albumin Serum bicarbonate < 15mEq/L Moderate ketonuria and ketonemia Labs show: increased anion gap metabolic [medbullets.com]

Lactic Acidosis

anion gap Metabolic acidosis, increased anion gap Metabolic acidosis, increased anion gap (IAG) Respiratory acidosis Clinical Information (met-ah-bol-ik as-id-o-sis) a condition [icd9data.com]

With no infection, normal diagnostic paracentesis, and urinalysis together with high anion gap and increased blood lactate levels suggested lactic acidosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Anästhesie (Fach) / Krankheitsbilder (Lektion) Vorderseite Laktatazidose Rückseite characterised by an elevated arterial blood lactate level and an increased anion gap ([Na [karteikarte.com]

Chronic Kidney Insufficiency

In stage 5 CKD, accumulation of phosphates, sulfates, and other organic anions are the cause of the increase in anion gap. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Metabolic acidosis Metabolic acidosis often is a mixture of normal anion gap and increased anion gap; the latter is observed generally with stage 5 CKD but with the anion [emedicine.medscape.com]

Metabolic acidosis has been shown to have deleterious effects on protein balance, leading to the following: Negative nitrogen balance Increased protein degradation Increased [emedicine.medscape.com]

Hydrogen Sulfide Poisoning

Laboratory findings include a decreased arteriovenous oxygen difference (due to higher-than-usual venous oxygen content) and high-anion-gap acidemia with increased lactate [msdmanuals.com]

Acetaminophen Overdose

Patients with increased anion gap had a higher incidence of confusion (48% vs 3%; P < .001) and lethargy (39% vs 6%; P = .003). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The anion gap was associated with an elevated lactate level (4.5 ± 1 mmol/L) (r(2) = 0.66, P < .05), which persisted for 1 day. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The lactate level increased in proportion to the APAP concentration (r(2) = 0.75, P < .05). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Cardiogenic Shock

LABORATORY PARAMETERS  KFT- progressively deranged  LFT-markedly elevated transaminases  Increased lactate levels  Anion gap metabolic acidosis compensated by respiratory [slideshare.net]

Ethylene Glycol

In case 4, both metabolic acidosis with an increased anion gap and an increased osmolal gap were present. [clinchem.aaccjnls.org]

As ethylene glycol is metabolized the osmol gap will decrease, but the anion gap will increase (unless fomepizole is used). [ebmconsult.com]

[…] will be high, but will decrease as the ethylene glycol gets converted to glycolic acid, glyoxylic acid, and oxalic acid and cause an increase in the anion gap as well as [ebmconsult.com]

Acidosis

gap increases Decreased HCO3– is also seen also in respiratory alkalosis, but pH distinguishes between the two disorders Calculation of the anion gap is useful in determining [accessmedicine.mhmedical.com]

[…] acidosis, increased anion gap (disorder), Metabolic acidosis, increased anion gap (IAG) (disorder), Metabolic acidosis, increased anion gap (IAG), Metabolic acidosis, increased [fpnotebook.com]

[…] the cause of the metabolic acidosis Normochloremic (increased anion gap) metabolic acidosis Generally results from addition to the blood of organic acids such as lactate, [accessmedicine.mhmedical.com]

Paraldehyde

Metabolic acidosis with increased anion gap may also occur. Renal function may be impaired and may result in azotaemia, oliguria and albuminuria. [web.archive.org]

Strychnine Poisoning

One half hour following the ingestion of a possibly tainted antibiotic capsule, a 14 year-old female experienced acute onset of stiffness and weakness in her lower extremities. She subsequently survived despite the development of convulsions, severe lactic acidosis (pH 6.86), hyperthermia (Temp 40.5 degrees C) and[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Ureteroenterostomy

In organic acidosis, the anion gap increases because bicarbonate decreases, chloride remains constant, and the unmeasured anion (lactate, ketone, phosphate) increases. [clinlabnavigator.com]

gap Increased cations Calcium, magnesium, lithium, multiple myeloma Decreased anions Dilution, hypoalbuminaemia Artefactual Bromism, Iodism, Propylene glycol, Triglycerides [emblast.org]

When we calculate the anion gap in this patient, we will notice that the anion gap has increased or in other words the unmeasured anions have increased relative to the measured [globalrph.com]

Formaldehyde

Metabolic Accumulation of formic acid can cause an anion-gap acid-base imbalance. [atsdr.cdc.gov]

Children may be more vulnerable because of relatively increased minute ventilation per kg and failure to evacuate an area promptly when exposed. [atsdr.cdc.gov]

Metabolic Acidosis

When the primary disturbance is a metabolic acidosis, the anion gap helps to narrow the diagnostic possibilities to an increased anion gap acidosis or a normal anion gap acidosis [ime.acponline.org]

[…] cause Urine pH Urine Anion Gap (obtain urine electrolytes) Decreased Urine Anion Gap Extrarenal Non-Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Increased Urine Anion Gap >+10 Renal Non-Anion [fpnotebook.com]

Chronic Respiratory Acidosis

and the anion gap doesn’t increase. [almostadoctor.co.uk]

The OSM gap should be < 10 Step 6: If an increased anion gap is present, assess the relationship between the increase in the anion gap and the decrease in [HCO 3 -]. [thoracic.org]

Therefore in severe hypoalbuminemia if the anion gap increases and approaches 12, one must suspect an additional metabolic cause for the increased anion gap (see causes of [cprworks.com]

Metaldehyde Poisoning

Metaldehyde, a cyclic tetramer of acetaldehyde, is a widely used molluscicide. Although cases with acute metaldehyde poisoning have been reported, the occurrence of severe poisoning is uncommon. To provide more information on human metaldehyde poisoning, we reviewed 15 cases of metaldehyde exposure reported to the[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Acid Ingestion

We report on two children who experienced delayed complete obstruction of the gastric antrum following concentrated acid ingestion. Both patients required initial tube gastrostomy and subsequent antrectomy with intestinal reconstruction. Unlike the more common alkaline corrosives, ingested acids tend to spare the[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Ethylene Glycol Poisoning

Ethylene glycol poisoning classically presents as a metabolic acidosis with an increased anion gap. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In this patient, clinically occult bromide intoxication caused a spurious lowering of the anion gap, normalizing what was in reality an increased anion gap due to ethylene [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Laboratory features of ethylene glycol poisoning include increased anion gap metabolic acidosis, increased osmolal gap, calcium oxalate crystalluria, and detectable ethylene [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Acute Respiratory Acidosis

gap Etiology Further evaluation: measure urine anion gap = [ Urine Na + ] + [ urine K + ] - [ urine Cl - ] High anion gap metabolic acidosis Increased concentration of organic [amboss.com]

The anions of these acids are not Cl- ions. The presence of these acid anions, which are not measured, will cause an increase in the anion gap. [globalrph.com]

[…] intoxication (elevated osmol gap), Salicylate intoxication Normal anion gap : will have increase in [Cl-], GI loss of HCO3-, Diarrhea, ileostomy, proximal colostomy, ureteral [emdocs.net]

Acid Base Disorder

Causes according to Anion Gap: [ edit ] Increased anion gap Metabolic Acidosis: [ edit ] Increased acid production: Ketoacidosis Diabetic Alcoholic Starvation Lactic acidosis [en.wikibooks.org]

Thus, the typical anion gap is 23 − 11 = 12 mEq/L. The anion gap can be affected by increases or decreases in the UC or UA. [msdmanuals.com]

Step 4: Anion gap: Na- Cl - HCO3 normal is 12. [quizlet.com]

Hyperproteinemia

The mean concentrations of serum calcium and magnesium were slightly elevated but did not affect the increased anion gap. [mdnxs.com]

[…] serum concentration of sodium was 134.8 mmol (meq) per liter, that of chloride was 103.2 mmol per liter, and that of bicarbonate was 11.4 mmol per liter; the mean anion gap [nejm.org]

The acidosis of cholera: contributions of hyperproteinemia, lactic acidaemia, and hyperphosphatemia to an increased serum anion gap. 8] Artifacts due to hyperlipidemia and [encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com]

5-Oxoprolinuria

During this time, anion gap increased from 14 to 30 mEq/L (14 to 30 mmol/L) and altered mental status developed. [projects.iq.harvard.edu]

anion gap. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

After usual causes of high anion gap acidosis were ruled out, a screen for urine organic acids showed 5-oxoproline levels elevated at 58-fold greater than normal values. [projects.iq.harvard.edu]

Respiratory Acidosis

and the anion gap doesn’t increase. [almostadoctor.co.uk]

The OSM gap should be < 10 Step 6: If an increased anion gap is present, assess the relationship between the increase in the anion gap and the decrease in [HCO 3 -]. [thoracic.org]

Toxic Effect of Glycols

In case 4, both metabolic acidosis with an increased anion gap and an increased osmolal gap were present. [clinchem.aaccjnls.org]

gap will increase as more toxic metabolites are formed. [emdocs.net]

As DEG is metabolized to its toxic metabolites, an elevated osmolal gap will return to normal and there will be an increasing anion gap. [calpoison.org]

Toxic Gastritis

High anion gap metabolic acidosis (HAGMA) is produced due to generation of formic acid and increased production of lactic acid. [lifeinthefastlane.com]

It is important to note that as osmolality decreases, acid metabolites increase resulting in an increased anion gap. [epmonthly.com]

[…] due to the presence of the parent compound (the toxic alcohol itself) Later on, the osmolar gap decreases and the anion gap increases as the toxic alcohol is metabolised [lifeinthefastlane.com]

Hyperchloremia

Although plasma anion gap is normal, this condition is often associated with an increased urine anion gap, due to the kidney's inability to secrete ammonia. [en.wikipedia.org]

anion gap Ketonemia McKittrick-Wheelock syndrome Osmolality disturbance Overhydration Positive fluid balance Potassium disorder Reduced anion gap Reversed anion gap Sodium [icd9data.com]

Hyperchloremic acidosis is a form of metabolic acidosis associated with a normal anion gap, a decrease in plasma bicarbonate concentration, and an increase in plasma chloride [en.wikipedia.org]

Theophylline

Biosens Bioelectron. 2018 Mar 15;101:153-158. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.10.025. Epub 2017 Oct 13. Author information 1 Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, PR China. 2 Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Methyl Salicylate

Chemical Datasheet Chemical Identifiers | Hazards | Response Recommendations | Physical Properties | Regulatory Information | Alternate Chemical Names Chemical Identifiers The Chemical Identifier fields include common identification numbers, the NFPA diamond, U.S. Department of Transportation hazard labels, and a[…] [cameochemicals.noaa.gov]