Hypoxemia: Causes & Reasons

Possible Causes for Hypoxemia

Refractory hypoxemia, defined as Pa O 2 less than 60 mm Hg on Fi O 2 of 1.0, occurred in 138 (21%) patients. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

By expert consensus, ARDS is defined by three categories based on the degrees of hypoxemia ( Table 322-2 ). [accessmedicine.mhmedical.com]

Hypercapnia and hypoxemia persisted despite ventilator support even at traumatic levels. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pickwickian Syndrome

Thus, in obese patients treated with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, a paradoxical worsening of hypoxemia may reveal the existence of a patent foramen ovale. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

While healthy people can tolerate the lower arterial oxygen tension at this pressure, those with respiratory disease may develop severe hypoxemia. [consultant360.com]

[…] to Carbon Dioxide Mechanical Impedance to Breathing Clinical Hypercapnia (see Hypercapnia, [[Hypercapnia]]) Hypoxemia (see Hypoxemia, [[Hypoxemia]]) Obstructive Sleep Apnea [mdnxs.com]

Hepatopulmonary Syndrome

Hepatopulmonary syndrome is characterized by advanced liver disease, hypoxemia, and intrapulmonary shunting. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

His hypoxemia improved slowly following liver transplantation, requiring tracheostomy and prolonged ventilator dependence. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

A diagnosis of hepatopulmonary syndrome was made based on the triad of hypoxemia, liver disease and intra pulmonary vascular communications. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Primary Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

(excludes PH owing to lung disease or hypoxemia; i.e., group 3 PH) Absent venous thromboembolic disease (excludes chronic thromboembolic PH [CTEPH]; i.e., group 4 PH) Absent [unboundmedicine.com]

WHO Group II: Associated with Left Heart Disease WHO Group III: Associated with Lung Disease and/or Hypoxemia WHO Group IV: Associated to Chronic Thrombotic or Embolic Disease [houstonlungdocs.com]

[…] capillary hemangiomatosis Pulmonary venous hypertension : Left sided atrial or ventricular heart disease Left sided valvular heart disease Pulmonary hypertension associated with hypoxemia [pathologyoutlines.com]

Aspiration of Gastric Contents

Apena, shock, and early severe hypoxemia were particularly ominous events. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pulmonary aspiration can present symptoms of wheezing, coughing, dyspnea, cyanosis, pulmonary edema, hypotension, and hypoxemia, which may progress rapidly to severe acute [kjccm.org]

Arterial hypoxemia is often not relieved by oxygen therapy following severe aspiration. [quizlet.com]

Pulmonary Infarction

The patient was on mechanical ventilation due to right heart failure and severe hypoxemia. [medintensiva.org]

Increased HR: due to hypoxemia/fear/pain Tachycardia: due to increased rate of lung inflation -Systemic hypotension: reduced cardiac return and decrease in left ventricular [quizlet.com]

Cyanosis and hypoxemia are not prominent features of pulmonary embolism. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Kyphoscoliosis

Hypoxemia is common. Therapy Milwaukee brace controls moderate deformities. [meddean.luc.edu]

Dyspnoea Hypoxemia due to hypoventilation in kyphoscoliosis leads to pulmonary vasoconstriction and pulmonary hypertension which give rise to difficulty in breathing Dyspnoea [medicaljoyworks.com]

Oxygen on long term may be necessary in patients with significant hypoxemia. [meddean.luc.edu]

Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia

Differential responses to the sequential treatments for PCP and IVL implied that increased serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was due to PCP, whereas hypoxemia and dementia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Clinicians need to have a high index of suspicion and consider PE in the differential diagnosis of dyspnea and hypoxemia, particularly when P. jirovecii pneumonia infection [journals.lww.com]

PJ causes a diffuse pneumonitis characterized by fever, dyspnea at rest, tachypnea, hypoxemia, nonproductive cough, and bilateral diffuse infiltrates in the roentgenogram. [unboundmedicine.com]

Right to Left Shunt

since pulmonary embolism and/or right-to-left shunting are two of several causes of hypoxemia in the absence of congenital heart disease. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Intracardiac right to left shunt through a patent foramen ovale (PFO) may result in the development of hypoxemia after cardiac surgery. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

We report a 56-year-old male patient developing hypoxemia after surgical replacement of infected valves of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD, Novacor) which had supported [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pulmonary Emphysema

This V/Q mismatch results in rapid circulation in a poorly ventilated lung, leading to hypoxemia and polycythemia. [emedicine.com]

In these cases the use of oxygen may be necessary even for those, who not have hypoxemia at sea level. [tabletsmanual.com]

On admission, he had intense tachypnea (32 breaths per minute) due to severe hypoxemia (38.5mmHg) and a heart rate of 90 beats per minute. [archbronconeumol.org]

Chronic Respiratory Condition due to Chemicals, Gases, Fumes and Vapors

[…] in patients with interstitial lung disease is V/Q mismatch, with DLCO defect contributing to hypoxemia with activity increased expiratory flow rates due to increased radial [medbullets.com]

Normal -Hypoxemia -Alkalosis -CO2 retention at end stages of disease What is a potential problem with using oxygen in patients with hypercapnia? [quizlet.com]

Hypoxemia is common during exercise and may be present at rest. HRCT, which distinguishes airspace from interstitial disease, is the most useful test and is always done. [merckmanuals.com]

Respiratory Muscle Paralysis

Abstract Background Oxygenation is impaired in almost all subjects during anesthesia, and hypoxemia for shorter or longer periods is a common finding. [link.springer.com]

Do not wait for ABGs to show hypoxemia or hypercapnia. These are late developing signs that appear only immediately prior to respiratory arrest in MG patients. [myasthenia.org]

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a lethal syndrome characterized by hypoxemia, bilateral infiltrates and diffuse alveolar damage.(1) Patients presenting with [sccm.org]

Pneumonia

Although no single finding reliably differentiates pneumonia from other causes of childhood respiratory illness, hypoxemia and increased work of breathing are more important [doi.org]

CASE REPORT We describe the case of a 63-year-old woman who presented with dyspnea, cough, and significant hypoxemia requiring high-flow oxygen supplement with bilateral lung [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Complications Maternal complications of pneumonia include respiratory failure, pulmonary edema, ARDS and hypoxemia. [clinicaladvisor.com]

Pulmonary Fibrosis

In acute conditions, oxygen is given to the patient to reduce hypoxemia and to reverse cyanosis. [symptoma.com]

The hypoxemia may also lead an increase in red blood cell (RBC) production (polycythemia). [rtmagazine.com]

He developed dyspnea after 65 days and presented with hypoxemia after 68 days. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Lipid Pneumonia

At admission, she had severe respiratory distress and hypoxemia. [indianpediatrics.net]

Hypoxemia during lavage was slight, and a lower respiratory tract infection did not occur. [rc.rcjournal.com]

Hemoptysis is observed in 20% of the cases, and is not essential for establishing the diagnosis. 30 Hypoxemia is very typical and constitutes a key clue for suspecting the [medintensiva.org]

Infiltrative Cardiomyopathy

Persistent Jaundice in a 1MonthOld Infant Case 43 497 Chapter 63 Newborn Baby with a Large Abdominal Wall Defect Case 44 503 Chapter 64 Newborn Infant with Labored Breathing and Hypoxemia [books.google.com]

The chest X-ray revealed an increased cardiothoracic index and arterial blood gas analysis showed mild hypoxemia. [revportcardiol.org]

Bronchiectasis

Besides, presence of hypoxemia, hypercapnia, dyspnea level and radiographic extent were more closely correlated with mortality. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] showed that, in NCFB, factors associated with higher mortality were advanced age, poor functional status, more severe disease based on radiographic findings, and evidence of hypoxemia [oxfordjournals.org]

[…] revealed that long-term mortality was significantly associated with age, body mass index (BMI), Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnea scale, vaccination, radiographic extent, hypoxemia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Malignant Angioendotheliomatosis

We describe a case of intravascular lymphomatosis resulting in pulmonary hypertension, hypoxemia, and dyspnea. [go.gale.com]

Probably different stimuli (eg, bacteria, viruses, cryptoproteins) can lead to the vessels occlusion, hypoxemia, and subsequently endothelial cell proliferation. [emedicine.medscape.com]

[…] distinctly unusual at presentation.[1,2] This report describes the first case, to our knowledge, of intravascular lymphomatosis resulting in pulmonary hypertension, profound hypoxemia [go.gale.com]

Bronchial Asthma

Although the wheezing symptoms disappeared after systemic corticosteroid therapy, the exertional dyspnea and hypoxemia did not improve. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Correction of the hypoxemia is one of the first priorities in setting the ventilator [ 64 ]. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

People who have COPD and continue to smoke, have a rapid decline in FEV1, who develop severe hypoxemia, develop right-sided heart failure and/or have poor ability to do daily [medicinenet.com]

ARDS Clinical

It can result in severe hypoxemia refractory to mechanical ventilation. [centerwatch.com]

Patients were eligible if they were admitted to the medical ICU and fulfilled the Berlin definition of ARDS with hypoxemia criteria using either the standard PF threshold [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Abstract In some patients, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) leads to life-threatening refractory hypoxemia developing. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Acute Chest Syndrome

Severe acute chest syndrome afflicts patients with sickle cell disease and can cause hypoxemia refractory to conventional treatments. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pain control – goal is to prevent hypoventilation due to splinting, leading to atelectasis and more hypoxemia. [errolozdalga.com]

Severe hypoxemia developed after 72 hours of hospitalization. The patient was transferred to the intensive care unit of our hospital. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

COVID-19

triage and initiate emergency management based on disease severity give supplemental oxygen to patients with severe acute respiratory illness and respiratory distress, hypoxemia [dynamed.com]

“Silent hypoxemia” – some patients may develop hypoxemia and respiratory failure without dyspnea (especially elderly)(Xie et al. 2020). [emcrit.org]

Hypoxemia caused by increasing lung injury leads to difficulty breathing and the need for oxygen therapy. [foreignpolicy.com]

Congestive Heart Failure

These SRDB cause arousals, hypoxemia-reoxygenation, hypercapnia-hypocapnia, and changes in intrathoracic pressure. [web.archive.org]

Severely reduced cerebral blood flow and hypoxemia can cause chronic irritability and impair mental performance. [msdmanuals.com]

[…] assessment of the airway, breathing, and circulation followed by a medical history and physical examination.[2] Signs that represent significant severity include hypotension, hypoxemia [en.wikipedia.org]

Invasive Aspergillosis

This decrease in surfactant, results in alveolar collapse, ventilation- perfusion mismatch, and hypoxemia. It was hosted by CloudFlare Inc. [ucugyboj.gq]

[…] biopsy if sputum is negative): disc shaped-yeasts Cannot be cultured High-dose TMP-SMX (treatment and prophylaxis) or clindamycin + primaquine Prednisone (moderate to severe hypoxemia [amboss.com]

[…] immunosuppression Typically manifests as fever, cough, dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, and, sometimes, hemoptysis Patients may be tachypneic and have rapidly progressive hypoxemia [emedicine.medscape.com]

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

The diagnosis of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) was made in view of the severe hypoxemia and the characteristic symptoms exhibited by the patient. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Although both patients had markedly abnormal PaO 2 :FiO 2 ratios, they were never extremely hypoxemic and probably did not die of severe hypoxemia. [nejm.org]

Prone positioning appears helpful if hypoxemia worsens despite intubation and ventilation. [hopkinsguides.com]

Coccidioidomycosis

CT angiogram of the chest demonstrating multilobar consolidation of the right lung The patient deteriorated and required intubation for severe hypoxemia two days later. [swjpcc.com]

The decision to treat cocci pneumonia should be based on clinical features: hypoxemia, large infiltrate or effusion, weight loss of greater than 10%, persistent symptoms greater [cancertherapyadvisor.com]

[…] eosinophilic pneumonia which supports the notion that the eosinophilic response, as opposed to the primary infection, was primarily responsible for our patient’s severe hypoxemia [swjpcc.com]

Staphylococcal Pneumonia

Within the first 24 hours, hypoxemia worsened (PaO 2 /FiO 2 < 100 mmHg), profound septic shock developed, and the leukocyte count dropped to 0.9 G/l. [annalsofintensivecare.springeropen.com]

Haemophilus Influenzae Pneumonia

There was no association between death and the grade of immunosuppression, dyspnea, hypoxemia, bilateral radiological involvement, radiological progression within the first [academic.oup.com]

Shock

[…] pathogenesis is poorly defined, but it may involve systemic inflammation from either infectious or noninfectious causes, [29] as well as a combination of the effects of hypoxemia [emedicine.medscape.com]

This worsening acidosis along with hypoxemia, if left uncorrected, eventually causes the loss of peripheral vasoconstriction, worsening hemodynamic compromise, and death.[ [en.wikipedia.org]

Atelectasis

The alveolar recruitment with PEEP = 40 cm H2O improved the patient's atelectasis and hypoxemia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Symptoms and Signs Atelectasis itself is asymptomatic unless hypoxemia or pneumonia develops. [merckmanuals.com]

A rapid resolution of the atelectasis was observed with relief of hypoxemia, without significant side effects. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]