Macrocytosis: Causes & Reasons

Possible Causes for Macrocytosis

We report a case of a 46-year-old Moroccan man presenting with severe hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal failure in absence of macrocytosis, thus mimicking a genuine [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

There were no clinical or biological signs of maternal anaemia or macrocytosis. Treatment with oral vitamin B12 rapidly improved the biological findings of the child. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Significant investigation results included a low serum vitamin B12 concentration, mild macrocytosis and raised serum homocysteine concentration. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pernicious Anemia

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Macrocytosis is defined as having the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) ≥ 100 fL. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Diagnostic dilemmas could occur when patients with PA present with spuriously normal or high cobalamin levels, normocytic or microcytic anemia, non-anemic macrocytosis, autoimmune [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Neuropsychiatric disorders caused by cobalamine deficiency in the absence of anemia or macrocytosis. NEJM 1988 ; 318 : 1720–8. 10 Fink, M, Shorter, E, Taylor, MA. [bjp.rcpsych.org]

Refractory Megaloblastic Anemia

Etiology and diagnostic evaluation of macrocytosis. Am J Med Sci. 2000;319(6):343–352. 4. Mahmoud MY, Lugon M, Anderson CC. Unexplained macrocytosis in elderly patients. [aafp.org]

In most surveys, the most common cause of macrocytosis is megaloblastic anemia. [enotes.tripod.com]

Lin, MD Reviewed 10/2018 Macrocytosis refers to a blood condition in which red blood cells (RBCs) are larger than normal. [5minuteconsult.com]

Folate-Deficiency Anemia

Etiology and diagnostic evaluation of macrocytosis. Am J Med Sci. 2000;319(6):343–352. 4. Mahmoud MY, Lugon M, Anderson CC. Unexplained macrocytosis in elderly patients. [aafp.org]

[…] and Macrocytic Anaemia Source: Patient Macrocytosis means that the red blood cells are larger than normal. [evidence.nhs.uk]

Nonalcoholic liver disease and hypothyroidism account for a substantial portion of macrocytosis. [aafp.org]

Dihydrofolate Reductase Deficiency

Diagnosis is based on laboratory findings such as macrocytosis, hyperhomocysteinemia, and normal levels of methylmalonic acid. Therapy consists of oral supplementation. [amboss.com]

Peripheral-blood analysis revealed macrocytosis without anemia (Table 1). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Blood examination still showed isolated macrocytosis, whereas a bone marrow smear displayed megaloblastic changes (Table 1). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Transcobalamin 2 Deficiency

Neuropsychiatric disorders caused by cobalamin deficiency in the absence of anemia or macrocytosis. N Engl J Med. 1988;318:1720–8. [bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com]

Macrocytosis for example is not specific to a vitamin B deficiency in children and also anaemia is not always present – as was previously assumed. [stichtingb12tekort.nl]

[…] but do not manifest typical megaloblastic morphology. ü Hypothyroidism is also associated with mild macrocytosis. [sites.google.com]

Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia

Herein is described the case of a young woman presenting with iron overload and macrocytosis. The initial diagnosis was hereditary hemochromatosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type III is a rare disorder characterized by nonprogressive mild to moderate hemolytic anemia, macrocytosis in the peripheral blood, and [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The disorder is characterized by mild anemia, macrocytosis in the peripheral blood, and giant multinucleated erythroblasts (containing up to 12 nuclei) in the bone marrow. [rarediseases.info.nih.gov]

Chronic Alcoholism

Alcoholism can also cause mild macrocytosis independent of folate deficiency, due to a direct effect on the bone marrow (common: ~90% of alcoholics have MCV of 100-110 even [errolozdalga.com]

Alcohol is a common cause of macrocytosis, with a mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of 100-110 fL seen in a majority of patients. [symptoma.com]

In chronic alcoholism, macrocytosis, thrombocytopenia, prolonged PT, elevated GGT, hyperuricaemia or hypertriglyceridaemia may be found. [rcpa.edu.au]

Afferent Loop Syndrome

[…] malabsorption syndrome with chronic diarrhea, steatorrhea, iron-deficiency anemia, edema, emaciation, and osteomalacia and also in case of simple biological anomalies such as macrocytosis [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Tropical Sprue

Neither patient was anemic, although one had hypersegmented polymorphonuclear leukocytes and both had macrocytosis and megaloblastic bone marrows. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Macrocytosis occurs early. Serum and erythrocyte levels of folate are low. Anaemia may also be hypochromic from defective absorption of iron. [histopathology-india.net]

Macrocytosis may be demonstrated in the gastric mucosa. Small bowel biopsy will disclose the morphologic changes previously discussed. [history.amedd.army.mil]

Diphyllobothrium Latum Infection

Laboratory evaluation was remarkable for a hemoglobin of 14.7, with macrocytosis (MCV 100), and no eosinophilia. [healio.com]

Vitamin Deficiency

[…] erythropoiesis (formation of erythrocytes), it is important for pharmacists to note that microcytosis (low mean corpuscle volume: [MCV]) should suggest sideroblastic anemia, while macrocytosis [uspharmacist.com]

This results in megaloblastic change, which causes production of larger-than-normal erythrocytes (macrocytosis). [nap.edu]

Folate and vitamin B-12 status in relation to anemia, macrocytosis, and cognitive impairment in older Americans in the age of folic acid fortification. [ods.od.nih.gov]

Hereditary Orotic Aciduria

In most surveys, the most common cause of macrocytosis is megaloblastic anemia. [enotes.tripod.com]

B 12 deficiency - macrocytosis, hypersegmented neutrophils, low plasma vit. B12 level. [enotes.tripod.com]

Mild macrocytosis (MCV of 100 to 110 fL) is particularly common and often remains unexplained, even after careful study. [enotes.tripod.com]

Acute Erythroblastic Leukemia

Blood smear shows nucleated red cells at different stages with pathological features (macrocytosis, schistocytes, blast cells Bone marrow biopsy shows prevalence of erythroid [patient.info]

Malabsorption Syndrome

CRP or low albumin; which shows a high correlation for the presence of an organic disease.[9][10] In this setting, microcytic anaemia usually implies iron deficiency and macrocytosis [en.wikipedia.org]

Resection of the Terminal Ileum

Common causes of macrocytosis include: hypothryodism, exposure to anti-folate drugs, anti-seizure medications, and Down Syndrome. [clinicaladvisor.com]

There is a low serum B 12 and macrocytosis. Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) is low following ileal resection. [gastroenterologymaster.blogspot.com]

“Erythrocyte macrocytosis in infants and children with Down syndrome”. J Pediatr. 1992. pp. 578-81. Aslinia, F, Mazza, JJ, Yale, SH. [clinicaladvisor.com]

Severe Aplastic Anemia

Mild anemia and macrocytosis may indicate SAA in patients otherwise possibly diagnosed with immune thrombocytopenic purpura. [symptoma.com]

Although the anemia is often normocytic, mild macrocytosis can also be observed in association with stress erythropoiesis and elevated fetal hemoglobin levels. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Multiple Myeloma

The anaemia of multiple myeloma is typically normochromic and normocytic, but mild macrocytosis can also be seen. [racgp.org.au]

Celiac Disease

[…] as can be seen in CD can result in atypical findings on the blood smear, and patients with deficiencies of folate and vitamin B 12 may not present with the characteristic macrocytosis [bloodjournal.org]

Hydroxyurea

The HU-induced macrocytosis is related to the increase in HbF [ 24, 25 ]. [omicsonline.org]

[…] treatment: Leucopaenia (reduced white cell count) Anaemia (reduced red cell count) Thrombocytopenia (reduced platelet count) Pancytopaenia (reduction in all blood cell types) Macrocytosis [dermnetnz.org]

The exact mechanism of action of HU is not known although the induction of Hb F synthesis and macrocytosis seem to be apparent possible mechanisms [ 7 - 10 ]. [omicsonline.org]

Nitrous Oxide

Significant investigation results included a low serum vitamin B12 concentration, mild macrocytosis and raised serum homocysteine concentration. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Moderate macrocytosis, low serum B12 levels, and a positive Schilling test result led to the diagnosis of pernicious anemia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Haemoglobin levels in all the patients were unchanged compared with their steady-state levels but one had developed a macrocytosis (103 fl). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Mercaptopurine

Megaloblastic erythropoiesis or macrocytosis (production of large red blood cells). [dermnetnz.org]

Megabloblastic erythropoeisis or macrocytosis (production of large red blood cells). [dermnetnz.org]

Bone Marrow Metastasis

Bone metastases, or osseous metastatic disease, is a category of cancer metastases that results from primary tumor invasion to bone. Bone-originating primary tumors such as osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and Ewing's sarcoma are rare. Unlike hematological malignancies that originate in the blood and form non-solid[…] [en.wikipedia.org]

Pancreatic Insufficiency

Pancreatic insufficiency is a term describing the inability of the pancreas to produce enzymes necessary for the digestion of nutrients, resulting in malabsorption. The diagnosis is made based on clinical and laboratory criteria. The symptoms of pancreatic insufficiency are primarily related to the progressive[…] [symptoma.com]

Inflammatory Bowel Disease Type 1

The cutaneous manifestations of Crohn's disease are myriad. A 15-year-old girl presented with recurrent lip swelling and eventual development of diarrhea and targetoid macules on the palms, feet, and back. She was finally diagnosed with Crohn's disease in the setting of a clinical presentation and histopathology[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Megaloblastic Anemia in Pregnancy

Etiology and diagnostic evaluation of macrocytosis. Am J Med Sci. 2000;319(6):343–352. 4. Mahmoud MY, Lugon M, Anderson CC. Unexplained macrocytosis in elderly patients. [aafp.org]

Causes of non-megaloblastic macrocytosis Alcohol abuse is a common cause. [patient.info]

In a primary care setting it has been estimated that 60 – 80% of people with macrocytosis do not have an associated anaemia. 28 The significance of a finding of macrocytosis [bpac.org.nz]

Megaloblastic Anemia

Drugs that may induce macrocytosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Etiology and diagnostic evaluation of macrocytosis. Am J Med Sci. 2000;319(6):343–352. 4. Mahmoud MY, Lugon M, Anderson CC. Unexplained macrocytosis in elderly patients. [aafp.org]

Causes of non-megaloblastic macrocytosis Alcohol abuse is a common cause. [patient.info]

Malignant Neoplasm

Home > 2015 ICD-9-CM Diagnosis Codes > Neoplasms 140-239 > Malignant Neoplasm Of Lip, Oral Cavity, And Pharynx 140-149 > Malignant neoplasm of lip 140- > A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the lip. 140 Malignant neoplasm of lip 140.0 Malignant neoplasm of upper lip, vermilion border convert 140.0 to[…] [icd9data.com]

OSLAM Syndrome

The red cell macrocytosis was not accompanied by anemia or explained by the usual causes. [tmu.pure.elsevier.com]

[…] without anaemia Osteosarcoma - limb anomalies - erythroid macrocytosis Osteosarcoma, Limb Anomalies, and Macrocytosis OSLAM SYNDROME Osteosarcoma-limb anomalies-erythroid [wikidata.org]

[…] ray in foot, bilateral radioulnar synostosis) and macrocytosis without anemia, osteosarcoma, limb anomalies, and erythroid macrocytosis with megaloblastic marrow, osteosarcoma [monarchinitiative.org]

Leukoerythroblastic Anemia

The FBE shows - reticulocytosis, anisocytosis, macrocytosis, normochromia, leucopenia, neutropenia with plentiful platelets. Probable diagnosis: A. B12 deficiency B. [kerrybrandis.com]

Mild macrocytosis is sometimes seen in myelodysplastic syndromes. [cancertherapyadvisor.com]

Investigational Therapies Case Studies Case #1 v t e Pathology : hematology, myeloid hematologic disease (primarily D50-D77, 280-289 ) RBCs / hemoglobinopathy + Polycythemia - Macrocytosis [wikidoc.org]