Oligoclonal Bands in CSF: Causes & Reasons

Possible Causes for Oligoclonal Bands in CSF

Oligoclonal IgG bands, representing antibodies specific to measles virus, can be demonstrated. [epilepsy.com]

Willcocks in: Search for Volker ter Meulen in: Further reading CSF oligoclonal banding pattern changes in a long-surviving SSPE patient treated with α-IFN L. M. E. [doi.org]

Demyelinating Disease

Over 95% of MS patients have these bands in the spinal fluid (CSF). CNS infections such as chronic measles, Lyme and herpes simplex also result in oligoclonal bands. [hhv-6foundation.org]

IgG bands in CSF (but not in serum) RIGHT: abundant neutrophils and macrophages infiltrate where myelin is missing (top-left of image) Distinct lesion edge Multiple sclerosis [youtube.com]

When oligoclonal bands are found in the CSF but not the serum, then it is clear that the infection is localized to the central nervous system. [hhv-6foundation.org]

Baló Concentric Sclerosis

CSF studies often show a mononuclear inflammatory reaction, elevated proteins and occasionally oligoclonal bands. [doi.org]

The most striking finding was a lack of CSF-restricted oligoclonal bands (OCB) in 66% (56/85) of all LP in the total BCS group, in 74% (14/19) in the subgroup of patients [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The following CSF parameters were assessed: CSF-restricted oligoclonal IgG bands (OCB); Link’s IgG index ([IgG CSF/IgG serum]/[albumin CSF/albumin serum]); immunoglobulin [doi.org]

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis

bands in CSF. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Oligoclonal bands in CSF are usually absent. No therapy has been established by controlled trials in ADEM. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Herpes simplex antibody (IgM) was negative and so was Oligoclonal bands in CSF. [archivesofmedicine.com]

Spinal Demyelination

Spinal cord lesions did not extend beyond three vertebral bodies, CSF oligoclonal bands were absent in 18/27 (67%) and MRI brain remained normal or atypical for MS on follow-up [jnnp.bmj.com]

Positive CSF oligoclonal IgG bands (OCB), class2, 4 were detected and the IgG index was elevated (1.55). [nature.com]

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination displayed lymphomonocytic pleocytosis with normal proteinorhachia, positive CSF oligoclonal IgG bands (OCB) and elevated IgG index (1.55 [nature.com]

Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder with Anti-AQP4 Antibodies

oligoclonal bands were included. [mdpi.com]

CSF showed increased WBC, which is lymphocyte-predominant. However, flow cytometry and cytology was negative. As oligoclonal bands came back negative. [tandfonline.com]

BANDS IgG, CSF & SERUM ONCOPRO HEREDITARY CANCER RISK PANEL OSMOLAL GAP, SERUM OBESITY PANEL ONCOPRO HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION REPAIR GERMLINE OSMOLALITY, SERUM OLIGOCLONAL [lalpathlabs.com]

Retrobulbar Neuritis

None of these patients had oligoclonal bands in the CSF, and MRI brain was normal. [jcor.in]

In the CSF, oligoclonal bands were present in 42% (53%), increased IgG-index in 40% (44%) and increased leucocyte count in 39% (29%). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Oligoclonal bands were absent in nine cases, and in four cases matched serum and CSF bands were seen. Unmatched oligoclonal bands were not seen in any case. [doi.org]

Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

Evidence for oligoclonal bands in the CSF can be seen in over 90 percent of people with MS but can be found in other disorders, too. [verywellhealth.com]

bands in CSF immunoglobulin G in serum abnormal visual evoked potential MR imaging lack of viable alternative diagnosis The exact etiology is poorly known although it is [radiopaedia.org]

Oligoclonal band testing in CSF was positive in 62 of the 74 patients (83.8%) in whom this had been undertaken. [jnnp.bmj.com]

Encephalomyelitis

CSF examination in MS is usually positive for oligoclonal bands, while CSF in ADEM is usually negative for this. Uncommonly, ADEM may exhibit oligoclonal bands. [eyerounds.org]

Oligoclonal bands were positive in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). She experienced a good recovery after steroid treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome

However, the confirmation of the intrathecal IgG synthesis by oligoclonal bands in CSF and the immunohistochemical detection of IgG deposits on membranes of Purkinje cells [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

bands in CSF. [springerplus.springeropen.com]

There is evidence supporting the neuroinflammatory theory due to the increase of oligoclonal bands on CSF. [wikidoc.org]

Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome

VKKL-ab, anti-GAD and GluR3 autoantibodies and oligoclonal bands in CSF are observed in a third of the patients (4). [revistas.unal.edu.co]

Benign Sensory System Neoplasm

CSF oligoclonal banding. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia [On-line information]. [labtestsonline.it]

Oligoclonal Banding and Multiple Sclerosis Panel. ARUP’s Guide to Clinical Laboratory Testing [On-line information]. [labtestsonline.it]

Immunoglobulin G, CSF Index and Immunoglobulin G/Albumin Ratio, CSF. ARUP’s Guide to Clinical Laboratory Testing [On-line information]. [labtestsonline.it]

Autoimmune Autonomic Ganglionopathy

Unmatched intrathecal oligoclonal bands and CSF pleocytosis were present in 31% (5/16) and 60% (15/25) of samples respectively. [jnnp.bmj.com]

Tuberculous Encephalitis

The CSF showed oligoclonal bands. The MRI showed bilateral lesions in the basal ganglia in the T1W and FLAIR sequences. [revecuatneurol.com]

Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-like Brain Sclerosis

bands in CSF immunoglobulin G in serum abnormal visual evoked potential MR imaging lack of viable alternative diagnosis The exact etiology is poorly known although it is [radiopaedia.org]

[…] sclerosis requires the constellation of clinical findings and various investigations (see McDonald diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis), including 19: typical history oligoclonal [radiopaedia.org]

Classic Paraneoplastic Limbic Encephalitis

Cell count, cytology, bacterial and fungal studies, and panels of CSF including glucose, protein, and oligoclonal bands were unremarkable. [ajnr.org]

Examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shows elevated numbers of lymphocytes (but usually < 100 cells/µl); elevated CSF protein (but usually oligoclonal bands. [psychology.wikia.com]

Pathogenesis • Pathologically: loss of neurons + inflammatory infiltrates • CSF: pleocytosis – intrathecal synthesis of IgG – oligoclonal band 12/14/2013 12. [slideshare.net]

Postinfectious Encephalomyelitis

Symptoms atypical for MS (e.g. encephalopathy, fever, stiff neck) Gray matter changes on MRI brain Absence of oligoclonal bands in CSF Following a prodromal infectious illness [jneuro.com]

Oligoclonal bands in CSF are usually absent. No therapy has been established by controlled trials in ADEM. [neurologyindia.com]

Additionally, although oligoclonal bands are nonspecific and are more often associated with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), they are sometimes also present in ADEM. [myelitis.org]

Spastic Paraplegia - Optic Atrophy - Neuropathy

Special tests: Visual evoked potentials and MRI brain (multiple sclerosis for lesions disseminated in time and place), lumbar puncture (oligoclonal bands in CSF not serum, [ptpaces.wordpress.com]

Most patients have CSF oligoclonal bands. [ 1 ] High titres of antibody to HTLV-1 are found in both serum and CSF. [patient.info]

Lumbar puncture may show a mild lymphocytosis in the CSF of 25% to 60% of patients. Slightly more have mild protein elevation. [patient.info]

Autoimmune Encephalopathy

[…] examination – To rule out infectious causes (HSV PCR), Neoplastic causes, 14-3-3 for CJD • CSF - Mild lymphocytic pleocytosis ,oligoclonal bands 14. [slideshare.net]

Three patients showed lymphocytic pleocytosis in CSF and one patient had oligoclonal bands. Initial MRI was normal in all patients except in one. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

and at least two of the following criteria: MRI abnormalities suggestive of autoimmune encephalitis * CSF pleocytosis, CSF-specific oligoclonal bands or elevated CSF IgG [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Subacute Transverse Myelitis

CSF oligoclonal bands are usually absent in NMO. Certain patterns of signal abnormality on MRI predict a vascular disorder. [neurology.org]

Furthermore cytology of CSF was negative for malignancy. Identical oligoclonal bands in serum and CSF indicated systemic inflammation. [bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com]

oligoclonal bands Associated with MS Acute treatment Once a patient is suspected of having TM, a healthcare provider is responsible for initiating therapy quickly while continuing [neupsykey.com]

Cerebral Spinal Fluid Pressure Increased

In addition, 90% of MS patients have oligoclonal IgG bands in the CSF. Oligoclonal bands are also seen occasionally in some chronic CNS infections. [neuropathology-web.org]

band analysis (serum and CSF), others depending on clinical findings Guillain Barré syndrome See the list below: Appearance: Clear or xanthochromia Opening pressure: Normal [emedicine.medscape.com]

Over 90% of those with MS have oligoclonal bands in their CSF. [my-ms.org]

Transverse Myelitis

A second CSF analysis revealed the presence of oligoclonal bands. [hindawi.com]

Blood and urine cultures, serology tests, immunology testing, and the cytochemical study and oligoclonal bands of the CSF were all negative, except for positive tests for [analesdepediatria.org]

bands in the CSF. [rarediseases.org]

Spinal Puncture

bands) → increased CSF protein! [amboss.com]

Over 90% of us with MS have oligoclonal bands in their CSF, but up to 10% of individuals with MS never have these CSF abnormalities. [diagnosisms.com]

CSF oligoclonal bands, MRI, and the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand. 1995; 92 468-471 25 Burkhard P R, Sanchez J C, Landis T, Hochstrasser D F. [oadoi.org]

Neuromyelitis Optica

The IPND considers the absence of CSF oligoclonal bands as supportive evidence for NMOSD and the presence of these bands a suggestive sign of MS. [arupconsult.com]

Normal Elevated Oligoclonal bands Present in >80% of patients Typically absent, but may be present in Oligoclonal bands that disappear with time No Yes IgG Normal Typically [arupconsult.com]

He was confirmed neurosyphilis since the CSF tests for syphilis were positive. Protein was elevated and the oligoclonal IgG bands(OB) and anti-NMDAR was positive in CSF. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Kinsbourne Syndrome

There is evidence supporting the neuroinflammatory theory due to the increase of oligoclonal bands on CSF. [wikidoc.org]

B-cell expansion in the CSF is reported in OMAS,17 correlating with severity and response to the B cell–depleting biologic therapy.18 Similarly, CSF oligoclonal bands have [nn.neurology.org]

Cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) examination showed mild lymphocytic pleocytosis (7 cell/mm3) and a high IgG index with CSF-exclusive oligoclonal IgG bands. [journals.lww.com]

Myelitis

A second CSF analysis revealed the presence of oligoclonal bands. [hindawi.com]

bands in CSF, evidence of mixed connective tissue disorders, and serum autoantibodies (especially SS-A) all seem to be significant predictors of a possible multiphase disease [healio.com]

bands in the CSF. [rarediseases.org]

IgG Subclass Deficiency

One year after her neurologic deficit had stabilized, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IgG synthesis rate was markedly elevated, and oligoclonal bands were identified in her [mdedge.com]

CSF, suggesting ongoing inflammation. [mdedge.com]

Acute Transverse Myelitis

bands in CSF, evidence of mixed connective tissue disorders, and serum autoantibodies (especially SS-A) all seem to be significant predictors of a possible multiphase disease [healio.com]

Oligoclonal bands and C. jejuni-specific IgG were detected in serum and cerebrospinal fluid at the beginning of the neurological illness. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

bands in the CSF. [rarediseases.org]

Stiff-Person Syndrome

The current hypothesis is that stiff-man syndrome occurs due to increase in oligoclonal bands in CSF of patients which destroyed GABAergic nerve cells 2, 3. [radiopaedia.org]

[…] an antigen-driven affinity blotting technique for the presence of GAD-specific oligoclonal IgG bands (OCBs) in the CSF, and (ii) examined the immunoreactive pattern of CSF [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

possible pathological findings: oligoclonal bands References:[1][2] Treatment Curative For suspected paraneoplastic etiology: identification of the tumor and treatment! [amboss.com]

Primary Central Nervous System Vasculitis

Gram stain, ZN stain, India ink stain and culture of CSF were negative. Oligoclonal bands in CSF were found to be positive. [ruralneuropractice.com]

Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immune routine examinations proved to be normal. Oligoclonal bands were negative. [spandidos-publications.com]

Finally, cytology with flow cytometry and oligoclonal bands should all be included in the CSF analysis. [touchneurology.com]