Premature Infant: Causes & Reasons

Possible Causes for Premature Infant

Through this and other NICHD-supported research into the problems faced by premature infants, survival rates for premature infants with RDS are nearly 95 percent. [medicinenet.com]

A birth that occurs before 37 weeks of pregnancy is a preterm or premature birth. An infant born before 37 weeks in the womb is a preterm or premature infant. [nichd.nih.gov]

Beginning in 2005, in recognition that infants born between 34 0/7 weeks and 36 6/7 weeks experience morbidities and mortality characteristic of premature infants, preterm [accessmedicine.mhmedical.com]

Extreme Fetal Immaturity

The Sick Premature Infant Many premature infants are resilient and surprise everyone by overcoming great odds. [northshore.org]

Premature infants often require special care. [healthline.com]

Similar factors are associated with jaundice in the premature infant. [hawaii.edu]

Cytomegalovirus Infection

This association between acquired CMV infection in premature infants and the development of chronic lung disease provides further evidence that vigorous efforts to prevent [jamanetwork.com]

BACKGROUND: Ganciclovir is a therapeutic choice for extremely premature infants with severe postnatal cytomegalovirus disease, but little is known about its optimal dose size [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Necrotizing enterocolitis is a gastrointestinal emergency typical of premature infants. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Duodenal Atresia

We report the first premature infant with Down syndrome whose duodenal atresia presented with a massive hematemesis secondary to duodenitis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Methods A 33 week premature infant with a prenatal diagnosis of Duodenal atresia was explored laparoscopically on day two of life for repair. [csurgeries.com]

infant still has time for maturation and growth), and (3) the length of the small intestine, which can be difficult to determine accurately after birth. [es.slideshare.net]

Congenital Syphilis

He was also referred to the high-risk infant clinic to monitor for developmental milestones secondary to prematurity and central nervous system infection. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Although most infants were asymptomatic at birth, prematurity (15/82) was common. Two infants died in the neonatal period, and 5 pregnancies ended in stillbirth. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

For premature infants at risk of congenital syphilis but who have no other clinical evidence of infection and who might not tolerate IM injections because of decreased muscle [health.ny.gov]

Polyhydramnios

Outcome of premature infants delivered after prolonged premature rupture of membranes before 25 weeks of gestation. [reference.medscape.com]

Risk of persistent renal insufficiency in premature infants following the prenatal use of indomethacin for suppression of preterm labor. [ajog.org]

Antenatal fetal cyst decompression successfully reversed the polyhydramnios and prevented premature delivery, resulting in a full-term healthy infant delivered vaginally at [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Gardnerella Vaginitis

These data suggested that many infants classified as premature on the basis of the mother's last menstrual period may not have been premature. [doi.org]

If you're pregnant, untreated bacterial vaginosis can cause premature birth and low birth weight for the infant. [articles.mercola.com]

Association between bacterial vaginosis and preterm delivery of a low-birth-weight infant. The Vaginal Infections and Prematurity Study Group. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Listeriosis

However, the infection can spread antepartum and intrapartum from mother to child and can cause abortion, stillbirth, premature birth, or early infant death. [merckmanuals.com]

Maternal infection with Listeria can result in chorioamnionitis, premature labor, spontaneous abortion, or stillbirth. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Vertical transmission can also occur from mother to infant via passage through an infected birth canal or ascending infection through ruptured amniotic membranes. [12, 13] [emedicine.medscape.com]

Autosomal Recessive Hypophosphatemic Rickets Type 2

infants black children > 6 months who are still breastfed patients with malabsorption syndromes (celiac sprue) or chronic parenteral nutrition Asian immigrants patients with [orthobullets.com]

[apcontinuada.com] […] years of age risk factors premature infants black children 6 months who are still breastfed patients with malabsorption syndromes (celiac sprue) or [symptoma.com]

[ojrd.biomedcentral.com] […] years of age risk factors premature infants black children 6 months who are still breastfed patients with malabsorption syndromes (celiac sprue [symptoma.co.za]

Umbilical Hernia

Low birth weight and premature infants are also more likely to have an umbilical hernia. Boys and girls are equally affected. [cincinnatichildrens.org]

In addition, low birth weight and premature infants are more likely to have umbilical hernias. What causes an umbilical hernia in children? [my.clevelandclinic.org]

While premature infants and children with certain medical conditions may require overnight observation in the hospital, most children are able to return home within a few [cincinnatichildrens.org]

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Abstract Premature infants are at substantial risk for a spectrum of morbidities that are gestational age dependent. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) primarily affects premature infants on positive pressure ventilation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Risk factors for getting a severe infection with RSV include premature infants born before 35 weeks, infants 8 to 10 weeks and younger, children under 2 years of age born [emedicinehealth.com]

Inguinal Hernia

PURPOSE: Inguinal hernias are common in premature infants, but there is substantial variation with regards to timing of repair. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In this report, we describe the case of a premature infant (36 weeks' postgestational age) who underwent left inguinal hernia repair under general anesthesia without the use [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hemoglobin levels: Premature infants and infants less than 6 months of age Electrolytes: Premature infants on diuretics Coagulation panel: None Imaging: None Other tests: [clinicalpainadvisor.com]

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

[…] the significance of a PDA in premature infants ( 27 – 29 ). [tidsskriftet.no]

Our aim was to analyse the feasibility, safety and efficacy of this device in premature infants weighing METHODS: Eighteen premature infants underwent transcatheter closure [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Five infants died. Four deaths were related to complications of prematurity and one death in a 680 g infant was related to the procedure. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Sepsis in Premature Infants

BACKGROUND: Late-onset sepsis in the premature infant is frequently revealed by severe, unusual and recurrent bradycardias. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] the antimicrobial defense in certain premature infants. [fortunejournals.com]

Late-onset sepsis in premature infants is a major cause of morbidity, mortality, and increased medical costs. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Peripheral Vasoproliferative Retinopathy

The incidence correlates with degree of prematurity; that is, the more premature the infant is, the greater the possibility of this condition occurring. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

[…] disease, which tragically renders many premature infants blind. [books.google.com]

Screening examination of premature infants for retinopathy of prematurity. [pedclerk.bsd.uchicago.edu]

Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome

The more premature the infant, the greater likelihood of RDS. RDS is due to insufficient surfactant in the lungs. [unitypoint.org]

is related to ethnic origin in very premature infants (⩽32 weeks of gestational age and birthweight ⩽2.0 kg). [fn.bmj.com]

A condition of the newborn marked by dyspnea with cyanosis, most frequently occurring in premature infants, children of diabetic mothers and infants delivered by cesarean [icd9data.com]

Ventricular Hemorrhage

Our understanding of the management of diseases in the premature infant has changed dramatically in recent years, and it can be quite difficult to remain up-to-date on changes [books.google.com]

The immaturity of the premature infant’s brain makes it inherently more vulnerable to injury. The more premature an infant, the greater the likelihood of brain damage. [pediatrics.emory.edu]

In premature infants, due to the immaturity of their cerebral vascular bed, these mechanisms might be impaired exposing their brain to damage. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Direct Inguinal Hernia

Overall, 3-5% of full-term infants and 5-30% of premature infants have an inguinal hernia. [pedclerk.uchicago.edu]

This condition affects between 1% and 5% of normal newborns and up to 10% of premature infants. [health.harvard.edu]

The incidence of incarceration in premature infants is 31%. [pedclerk.uchicago.edu]

Umbilical Sepsis

TY - JOUR T1 - [Severe complications of umbilical sepsis in premature infants]. [unboundmedicine.com]

Perinatal risk factors and clinical signs of EOS are common in premature infants even without culture-positive EOS, limiting their utility4. [biorxiv.org]

Keywords : Procalcitonin; Umbilical Cord; Neonatal Sepsis; Infant; Premature. [scielo.org.co]

Indirect Inguinal Hernia

We present a rare case of premature female infant with a labial mass containing the uterus, both ovaries, and fallopian tubes. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

We present a rare case of irreducible indirect inguinal hernia containing uterus and bilateral adnexa (fallopian tubes and ovaries) in a premature female infant, discussing [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Most children who undergo hernia repairs go home the same day after a short stay in recovery; however, premature infants may require an overnight stay. [cincinnatichildrens.org]

Transitory Tachypnea of the Newborn

Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) affects premature infants, term infants delivered by elective cesarean delivery without labor, and infants born with respiratory depression [merckmanuals.com]

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is the most common disorder of the premature infant. [hawaii.edu]

These premature infants have progressively more severe respiratory distress after birth. [hawaii.edu]

Bronchiolitis

infants babies at risk of severe infection ( i.e., immunocompromised status) Prognosis typically self-limited more severe in infants < 6 months of age Presentation Symptoms [step2.medbullets.com]

[…] born 33–35 weeks gestational age (GA)] study was a prospective, case-control study comparison of premature infants hospitalized for RSV infection and infants who had not [doi.org]

infants Etiology respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) most common an enveloped, linear, single-stranded, negative-sense paramyxovirus with a helical capsid rhinovirus parainfluenza [step2.medbullets.com]

Primary Apnea

[…] of premature infants to monitor the pharmacokinetics of theophylline. [jstage.jst.go.jp]

[…] citrate and aminophylline for treating primary apnea in premature infants]. [unboundmedicine.com]

infant” OR “premature infants” OR “preterm infants” OR “preterm infant” OR “infant, preterm” OR “infants, preterm” OR “neonatal prematurity” OR “prematurity, neonatal”; AND [hindawi.com]

Neonatal Sepsis

Skin and mucus membranes are broken down easily in the premature infant. [aippg.net]

New Ballard score expanded to include extremely premature infants. [scielo.br]

prematurity + Gross appearance of premature infant + Difficulties in maintaining homeostasis + Thermoregulation + Hypoglycemia + Hyperbilirubinemia + Fluids and electrolytes [atlases.muni.cz]

Infantile Apnea

The risk of sudden infant death syndrome in premature infants is three times higher than that of full-term infants [ 36 ]. [doi.org]

[…] for short periods of time before breathing patterns in the infant stabilize.[3] In premature infants, central apnea is attributed to an underdeveloped respiratory system [en.wikipedia.org]

However, cutaneous stimulation often arouses the infant and markedly affects breathing pattern in premature infants. [doi.org]

Viral Lower Respiratory Infection

As a consequence, we have related premorbid lung function in prematurely born infants to the occurrence of LRTIs. [thorax.bmj.com]

Doctors often monitor infants especially closely if they have a higher risk of severe infections, such as premature infants or infants with a congenital heart defect. [medicalnewstoday.com]

Conclusion Diminished premorbid lung function may predispose prematurely born infants to severe viral LRTIs in infancy. [thorax.bmj.com]

Congenital Chylothorax

Seven were born with hydrops fetalis, 6 infants had syndromes and 10 infants were born prematurely. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Three infants were managed antenatally. Fifteen infants presented immediately after birth. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Regular infant feeding formula and/or breast milk were used successfully in 12 infants, while in 7 infants medium chain triglycerides (MCT) rich formula was used. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Neonatal Infection

KEYWORDS: Antimicrobial stewardship; Gentamicin; NICE guidelines; Neonatal blood culture reporting; Premature infants [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Premature infants have decreased intrinsic antibody production and reduced complement activity. [merckmanuals.com]

CMV infection in infants has an unexpected effect on the white blood cells of the immune system causing them to prematurely age. [en.wikipedia.org]

Congenital Absence of Ductus Arteriosus

A PDA is more common in premature infants, but can also be seen in full-term infants. It may be associated with other congenital heart defects. [fairview.org]

Signs of heart failure occur earlier in premature infants than in full-term infants and may be more severe. [msdmanuals.com]

PDA in premature infants may cause more serious consequences than in those born at full term. [news-medical.net]

Neonatal Hypoglycemia

In premature infants, hypothermia increases morbidity and mortality. Hypothermia may be purely environmental or represent intercurrent illness (eg, sepsis). [merckmanuals.com]

Give preventive treatment (using oral or IV glucose) to infants of diabetic mothers, extremely premature infants, and infants with respiratory distress. [msdmanuals.com]

For premature infants, placement into a polyethylene bag immediately after delivery has been found to help maintain the baby's temperature; some clinicians do not dry the [merckmanuals.com]