Xanthochromia: Causes & Reasons

Possible Causes for Xanthochromia

We assess the sensitivity and specificity of xanthochromia as adjudicated by visual inspection and spectrophotometry at predicting the presence of cerebral aneurysm in patients [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Traditional teaching is that a positive tap is Xanthochromia or blood in the CSF What exactly is Xanthochromia? [tamingthesru.com]

6 red blood cells/L or xanthochromia. [bmj.com]

Hematomyelia

Detection of xanthochromia in cerebrospinal fluid by spectrophotometric scan. Am J Clin Pathol 2014;142(Suppl 1):A02. Leep Hunderfund AN, Wijdicks EF. [ejcrim.com]

Detection of xanthochromia in cerebrospinal fluid by spectrophotometric scan. Am J Clin Pathol. 2014;142(Suppl 1):A02. [Google Scholar] 4. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

C2-C3 laminectomy revealed xanthochromia of right dorsal roots with cord bulge. [jneuro.com]

Choroid Hemorrhage

Xanthochromia may also be seen with hemorrhagic infarcts, brain tumors, and jaundice. [neuropathology-web.org]

[…] alteration of the mental state and/or level of consciousness. [6] Focal neurological signs are either minimal or absent, but focal and/or generalized seizures may occur. [6] Xanthochromia [en.wikipedia.org]

Xanthochromia (blonde color) of the CSF following subarachnoid hemorrhage is due to oxyhemoglobin which appears in 4 to 6 hours and bilirubin which appears in two days. [neuropathology-web.org]

Cerebral Hemorrhage

Lumbar puncture: should be performed on any patient with suspected SAH and a negative CT head, xanthochromia can be seen within 12 hours of ictus and can last for 2 weeks [clinicaladvisor.com]

Once an LP is performed, the CSF is evaluated for RBC count, and presence or absence of xanthochromia.[18] Treatment[edit] A selection of Mayfield and Drake aneurysm clips [en.wikipedia.org]

Acute Subdural Hematoma

Remote intracranial hemorrhages after craniotomy or craniectomy may rarely develop. As the sparse literature on this phenomenon has focused on contralateral intraparenchymal and epidural clots, only seven cases of postoperative contralateral acute subdural hematomas have been reported in the literature. We[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Cerebellar Hemorrhage

Three patients with remote cerebellar hemorrhage following supratentorial cerebrovascular surgery are presented. Remote cerebellar hemorrhage is a rare surgical complication that is most often associated with aneurysm clipping or temporal lobectomies. Bleeding occurs on the superior cerebellar cortex and is[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Thunderclap Headache

What are the Hurdles in Confirming Cerebrospinal Fluid Xanthochromia? [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Results of computerized tomography (CT) scans of the head were normal, but on examination of the cerebrospinal fluid xanthochromia was found. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Brain computed tomography was normal in 2 of our patients, but subsequent cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed xanthochromia consistent with SAH. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Meningeal Tuberculosis

2015 ICD-9-CM Diagnosis Code 013.0 Tuberculous meningitis There are 7 ICD-9-CM codes below 013.0 that define this diagnosis in greater detail. Do not use this code on a reimbursement claim. 013.0 Excludes tuberculoma of meninges ( 013.1 ) Applies To Tuberculosis of meninges (cerebral) (spinal) Tuberculous:[…] [icd9data.com]

Chemical Meningitis

In SAH, xanthochromia is seen by 6-12 hourss, peaks at 48 hours and may persist for 1-4 weeks. • Compare the ratio of WBCs/RBCs. [casemed.case.edu]

Xanthochromia is most often caused by the presence of blood, but several other conditions should be considered. [aafp.org]

CSF findings suggesting subarachnoid hemorrhage include Numerous RBCs Xanthochromia Increased pressure RBCs in CSF may also be caused by traumatic lumbar puncture. [msdmanuals.com]

Pulmonary Siderosis

Cerebrospinal fluid analysis may show xanthochromia and an increased number of red blood cells. [jamanetwork.com]

Excess iron, ferritin, and red blood cells may result in xanthochromia of the cerebrospinal fluid. [en.wikipedia.org]

[…] month to 35 years; (2) the disease monitoring was usually performed simply with clinical assessment, and lacked objective findings (for example, absence of CSF analysis for xanthochromia [frontiersin.org]

Pineal Region Choriocarcinoma

[…] neck, hemiparesis, and abducent nerve palsy.[5] Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of pineal choriocarcinoma include abnormal CSF analysis, demonstrating xanthochromia [wikidoc.org]

Intracranial Subdural Hematoma

The results of the lumbar puncture may show xanthochromia. A lumbar puncture performed before 6 hours of the subarachnoid hemorrhage may fail to show xanthochromia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Leptomeningeal TTR Amyloidosis

The CSF protein level was 1,099 mg/dL with xanthochromia. [n.neurology.org]

The CSF study revealed hyperproteinaemia (177 mg/dL) and xanthochromia. The electromyography study ruled out peripheral neuropathy. [elsevier.es]

A CSF examination on 11 June revealed xanthochromia and showed that the protein level had increased to 145 mg/dl with mild lymphocytic pleocytosis (27/mm 3 ). [jnnp.bmj.com]

Cerebral Spinal Fluid Pressure Increased

[…] cultures, CSF bacterial antigens, CSF PCR, CSF tuberculosis culture/stain, others depending on clinical findings Subarachnoid hemorrhage See the list below: Appearance: Xanthochromia [emedicine.medscape.com]

Xanthochromia is most often caused by the presence of blood, but several other conditions should be considered. [aafp.org]

Xanthochromia may also be seen with hemorrhagic infarcts, brain tumors, and jaundice. [neuropathology-web.org]

Malignant Meningeal Lymphoma

[Article in Japanese] Abstract Froin's syndrome is characterized by a combination of marked coagulation, elevated protein levels, and xanthochromia of the cerebrospinal fluid [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Xanthochromia can occur from leptomeningeal bleeding, which is most likely in LC from a melanoma. [aboutcancer.com]

Hypercarotinemia

Xanthochromia is usually referred to yellow tinge. How to check xanthochromia The easiest way is that centrifuge the CSF and sees against the white background. [labpedia.net]

Result Xanthochromia when positive in the CSF indicates raised the level of protein. Please see more details in C S F fluid analysis. [labpedia.net]

Herpes Simplex Encephalitis

CSF cytology Cerebrospinal fluid analysis in a case of HSE is expected to display red blood cells and xanthochromia. [symptoma.com]

[…] may be more sensitive for early HSV encephalitis than T2 weighted images Lumbar puncture/ CSF raised lymphocyte count (10–500×10 6 /L, average 100×10 6 /L) +/- RBCs +/- xanthochromia [lifeinthefastlane.com]

[…] drug's toxicity (J Clin Microbiol 2011;49:3576) Laboratory CSF analysis typically demonstrates lymphocytosis (10 - 500x106/L, average 100x106/L) with or without red cells or xanthochromia [pathologyoutlines.com]

Post-Coital Headache

In the setting of a subarachnoid hemorrhage, blood is found in the spinal fluid (xanthochromia in CSF) thus confirming the diagnosis of a subarachnoid bleed. [braindiseases.info]

Evaluating the sensitivity of visual xanthochromia in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Emerg Med 2010;39:13-16. McCormack RF, Hutson A. [ahcmedia.com]

Xanthochromia in a supernatant of cerebrospinal fluid may be seen with a spectrophotometer in up to 40% of subarachnoid haemorrhage after 4 weeks of the bleed. [5], [24] Treatment [smjonline.org]

Intracranial Hemorrhage

Xanthochromia is determined with either visual inspection or spectrophotometry; the latter being less commonly available. [cdemcurriculum.com]

Xanthochromia is determined with either visual inspection or spectrophotometry; the latter is less commonly available. [saem.org]

The results of the lumbar puncture may show xanthochromia. A lumbar puncture performed before 6 hours of the subarachnoid hemorrhage may fail to show xanthochromia. [statpearls.com]

Balkan Nephropathy

[…] their description of symptoms which were not typical of common chronic nephritis, i.e., incidence only in adults (no children affected), absence of high blood pressure, xanthochromia [ipfs.io]

] Signs and symptoms[edit] The patients are distinguished from those suffering from other causes of end-stage renal disease by showing an absence of high blood pressure, xanthochromia [en.wikipedia.org]

[…] the description of symptoms which were not typical for the common chronic nephritis, i.e., incidence only in adults (no children affected), lack of high blood pressure, xanthochromia [wikidoc.org]

Spinal Puncture

Xanthochromia The best way of distinguishing RBCs related to intracranial bleeding is to examine the centrifuged supernatant CSF for xanthochromia (yellow color). [emedicine.medscape.com]

Also have the lab examine the CSF for xanthochromia. Because the traumatic tap is acute, there should be no xanthochromia. [anwresidency.com]

A traumatic puncture is distinguished by Gradual clearing of the CSF between the 1st and 4th tubes (confirmed by decreasing RBC count) Absence of xanthochromia (yellowish [msdmanuals.com]

Optic Nerve Edema-Splenomegaly Syndrome

CSF protein up + xanthochromia. Normal cell count. A sign of blockage in spinal CSF flow E.g spinal tumour. [quizlet.com]

White Blood Cell Count Increased, White Blood Cell Disorder, Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome, Wound Secretion, Wrong Drug Administered, Wrong Technique In Drug Usage Process, Xanthochromia [bonkersinstitute.org]

Trichothiodystrophy Type C

At 14 days of birth, his overall clinical condition improved (weight 2.0 kg) without polypnea and xanthochromia, and he was discharged. [bmcpediatr.biomedcentral.com]

HaNDL Syndrome

[…] extremities showing an opening pressure of 28 mmH2O, 28/uL total nucleated cells with 99% lymphocytes, 1/uL red blood cell, 33.2 mg/dL total protein, 64 mg/dL glucose, negative xanthochromia [hindawi.com]

Subacute Adenoviral Encephalitis

/spec) Immediated analysis of turbidity, xanthochromia, glucose, protein, cell count & diff., Gram’s stain, bacterial culture, india ink, AFB, VDRL ถ้าได้ CSF เล็กน้อย ส่ง [slideshare.net]

HSE is often hemorrhagic, and both red blood cells and xanthochromia can be detected in CSF, although neither feature occurs with significantly greater frequency in HSE compared [clinicalgate.com]

Exertional Headache

If this is normal, a lumbar puncture is performed, as a small proportion of SAH is missed on CT and can still be detected as xanthochromia. [1] [2] If both investigations [en.wikipedia.org]

His brain computed tomography scan was normal and cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed no xanthochromia, 15 WBC/mm 3 and 10 RBC/mm 3. [scielo.conicyt.cl]

If a relatively recent hemorrhage is suspected, the CSF should be evaluated for xanthochromia, which is a yellow discoloration detectable on spectrophotometry. [aafp.org]

Ventricular Hemorrhage

Elevated RBC count, xanthochromia and elevated protein content suggest bleeding. Glucose usually becomes very low within 5‑15 days of the hemorrhage (hypoglycorrhacia). [utmb.edu]

Berry Aneurysm

Once an LP is performed, the CSF is evaluated for RBC count, and presence or absence of xanthochromia.[30] Treatment[edit] A selection of Mayfield and Drake aneurysm clips [en.wikipedia.org]

Intracranial Hypotension

Table 1 Cerebrospinal fluid analysis Parameters Results CSF colour Clear fluid, no xanthochromia, no turbidity CSF pressure 50 mmH 2 O CSF protein 315 mg/dL CSF sugar 93 mg [nnjournal.net]

Such dilation may also cause diapedesis of cells and proteins into the subarachnoid space, explaining the reticulocytes, xanthochromia, mononuclear pleocytosis and increased [jpma.org.pk]

[…] the CSF pressure is measured within the normal range. [11] [46] [47] [48] Analysis of spinal fluid may demonstrate lymphocytic pleocytosis and elevated protein content or xanthochromia [en.wikipedia.org]

Communicating Hydrocephalus

During myelography, attempts at lumbar puncture were void of CSF outflow; cervical spinal puncture was then performed, notable for elevated opening pressure, xanthochromia [omicsonline.org]

Rehabilitation L1 AIS A SCI; Headaches persist Day 24 Communicating Hydrocephalus CT Myelogram: Traumatic lumbar pseudo-meningocele Day 28 Acute Care Cervical tap: high CRP, xanthochromia [omicsonline.org]

CaudaEquina No acute change Day 1 Tonic seizure No acute change Day 3 Band-like frontal headaches CT Myelogram: Thecal clot, canal obstruction (T12) Lumbar tap: dry Cervical tap: Xanthochromia [omicsonline.org]