Presentation
In this respect, antidepressant drugs present antimicrobial effects that could also be related to the effectiveness of these drugs for MDD treatment. Conversely, some antimicrobials present antidepressant effects. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
It appears as if ADS presents as a mild flulike condition that may also present with some mild psychological symptoms, particularly depression and anxiety. [americanaddictioncenters.org]
Entire Body System
- Weight Gain
[…] linked to weight gain. [healthline.com]
Abstract Antidepressant medication influences cellular lipogenesis, being associated with metabolic side effects including weight gain. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
A range of other, less serious side effects occur including weight gain, constipation, dry mouth, dizziness, headache, drowsiness, insomnia, and sexual side effects (problems with arousal or satisfaction). [clinical-depression.co.uk]
Sometimes there are pretty striking weight gains.” [webmd.com]
Antidepressants can improve your mood, but they often have side effects such as weight gain or headaches. [vocabulary.com]
- Swelling
However, get medical help right away if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing. [webmd.com]
Painkiller दर्दनाशक, पीड़ाहारी औषधी, पीड़ाहारी औषधी, दर्द निवारक, दर्द हटानेवाली औषधि, पीड़ा हटानेवाली औषधि, My mother took a painkiller to kill the headache / Over-the-counter painkiller or anti-inflammatory medicine such as Ibuprofen should reduce pain and swelling [studysite.org]
[…] paresthesia and electric shock sensations), agitation, anxiety, fatigue, confusion, headache, tremor, nausea, vomiting, and sweating Bone fractures reported with therapy; consider possibility of fragility fracture if patient complains of bone pain, swelling [reference.medscape.com]
If you have nausea, eye pain, changes in vision, such as seeing colored rings around lights, and swelling or redness in or around the eye, call your doctor or get emergency medical treatment right away. [web.archive.org]
- Congestive Heart Failure
[…] disease (e.g., congestive heart failure, high blood pressure, recent heart attack), kidney problems, liver problems (e.g., cirrhosis), personal or family history of psychiatric disorder (e.g., bipolar/manic-depressive disorder), personal or family history [webmd.com]
Since 2007, the FDA has added two black box warnings to the Avandia label to alert physicians about the potential increased risk of (1) congestive heart failure, and (2) myocardial infarction (heart attack). [justice.gov]
heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, and lower back pain) from the patient's 12-month problem list in the EHR. [doi.org]
Gastrointestinal
- Constipation
A range of other, less serious side effects occur including weight gain, constipation, dry mouth, dizziness, headache, drowsiness, insomnia, and sexual side effects (problems with arousal or satisfaction). [clinical-depression.co.uk]
Common side effects of SNRIs include: nausea drowsiness fatigue constipation dry mouth TCAs are often prescribed when SSRIs or other antidepressants don’t work. It isn’t fully understood how these drugs work to treat depression. [healthline.com]
SLIDESHOW Learn to Spot Depression: Symptoms, Warning Signs, Medication See Slideshow Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) side effects Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are a class of antidepressant associated with sedation, dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation [rxlist.com]
- Polydipsia
Nature. (2002) ^ a b The effect of inositol on lithium-induced polyuria—polydipsia in rats and humans. ^ a b c Allan SJ, et al. The effect of inositol supplements on the psoriasis of patients taking lithium: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. [examine.com]
Cardiovascular
- Tachycardia
Cardiovascular effects most commonly include sinus tachycardia, flushing, hypertension, and in rare cases, hypotension. [emedicine.medscape.com]
[…] synapse) Also blocks histamine and muscarinic cholinergic receptors Treats MDD, neuropathic pain, and headaches Also prophylaxis for headaches/migraines SE: anticholinergic (constipation, dry mouth, orthostatic hypotn, urinary retention), cardiovascular (tachycardia [youtube.com]
Drawbacks of TCAs: Adverse effects such as orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects, cardiovascular effects (arrhythmias and tachycardia). Overdose toxicity. [emedexpert.com]
Ketamine was associated with higher rates of psychiatric adverse events (agitation, confusion, hallucination, delirium) and cardiovascular events (hypertension, tachycardia, increased blood pressure or heart rate). [psychiatryadvisor.com]
Jaw & Teeth
- Xerostomia
(including triptans), drugs that impair metabolism of serotonin (including MAOIs), antipsychotics, dopamine antagonists, and nonpsychiatric MAOIs (eg, linezolid, IV methylene blue) May cause anticholinergic effects; use with caution in patients with xerostomia [reference.medscape.com]
Ears
- Tinnitus
Tinnitus: Why Are My Ears Ringing? What is tinnitus? Explore tinnitus (ringing in the ears) causes, symptoms, relief remedies, treatments and prevention tips. [medicinenet.com]
Zinc for tinnitus, imbalance, and hearing loss in the elderly. Am J Otol. (1986) ^ a b Arda HN, et al. The role of zinc in the treatment of tinnitus. Otol Neurotol. (2003) ^ Ochi K, et al. Zinc deficiency and tinnitus. [examine.com]
Side effects of TCAs can include: dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, blurred vision and increased heart rate ringing in the ears (tinnitus), muscular pains postural hypotension - fainting or 'blacking out' when moving from lying or sitting to [web.archive.org]
Staying active with hidradenitis suppurativa Stop your next migraine before it starts Stress symptoms Sundowning: Late-day confusion Support groups Surgery for hidradenitis suppurativa Symptom Checker Tapering off opioids: When and how Tinnitus and antidepressants [mayoclinic.org]
Psychiatrical
- Delusion
Delusions of parasitosis (DOP) is a somatic subtype of delusional disorder, also known as monosymptomatic hypochondriacal psychosis. The management of DOP has been discussed extensively in the medical literature. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Some depressed people have delusions (false, fixed ideas) about poverty, sickness, or sinfulness that are related to their depression. Often feelings of depression are worse at a particular time of day, for instance, every morning or every evening. [psychcentral.com]
Psychotic: Patients have delusions and/or hallucinations. Delusions often involve having committed unpardonable sins or crimes, harboring incurable or shameful disorders, or being persecuted. [merckmanuals.com]
- Chronic Anxiety
Several protective clinical indicators have been proposed, including a rapid-cycling course and comorbid chronic anxiety, whilst poor treatment adherence, proneness to emotional blunting and sub-threshold bipolarity have been identified as possible correlates [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
This guideline covers the care and treatment of people aged 18 and over with generalised anxiety disorder (chronic anxiety) or panic disorder (with or without agoraphobia or panic attacks). [nice.org.uk]
- Visual Hallucination
Joel Shuster, Shock-Like Sensations Associated with Antidepressant Withdrawal Acute Tumor Lysis Syndrome Caused by Hydroxyurea Zolpidem-Induced Visual Hallucinations Tooth Discoloration with Linezolid Sleepwalking Caused by SSRI ADR-Related Reports from [doi.org]
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI Kometer, M., Schmidt, A., Jancke, L., Vollenweider, F. ( 2013 ) Activation of serotonin 2A receptors underlies the psilocybin-induced effects on alpha oscillations, N170 visual-evoked potentials, and visual hallucinations [dx.doi.org]
[…] potentials, and visual hallucinations. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Neurologic
- Agitation
SSRIs, and SNRIs tend to have fewer and different side effects, such as nausea, nervousness, insomnia, diarrhea, rash, agitation, or sexual side effects (problems with arousal or satisfaction). [clinical-depression.co.uk]
One patient developed transient increased agitation and exacerbation of pre-existing confusion. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
However, because of this possible link, see your doctor promptly if you become increasingly restless, anxious or agitated, or if you have any suicidal thoughts. [patient.co.uk]
The medicines are used to treat a variety of conditions, including: Depression Anxiety Agitation Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) Social anxiety disorder Manic-depressive disorder Major depressive disorder Post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSD) Attention-deficit [everydayhealth.com]
Side effects include agitation, loss of appetite, and trouble sleeping. Bupropion typically has fewer sexual side effects. Tricyclic antidepressants Tricyclic antidepressants affect three brain chemicals. [familydoctor.org]
- Confusion
One patient developed transient increased agitation and exacerbation of pre-existing confusion. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
One reason it's confusing is that there's strong evidence that mothers with depression are more likely than other women to have a child with autism, whether or not they take antidepressants during pregnancy. [npr.org]
Symptoms include fever, muscle stiffness, and changes in mental status such as confusion or hallucinations. [emedicinehealth.com]
Symptoms include agitation, confusion, sweating, tremors, and a rapid heart rate The precipitation of a manic episode in people with undiagnosed bipolar disorder Duloxetine : A severe discontinuation syndrome MAOIs: Very severe drug interactions, very [drugs.com]
[…] serotonin syndrome, particularly when coadministered with other serotonergic drugs Abrupt discontinuation may cause dizziness, abnormal dreams, sensory disturbances (including paresthesia and electric shock sensations), agitation, anxiety, fatigue, confusion [web.archive.org]
- Seizure
[…] drugs that can also increase the risk for seizures. [clinical-depression.co.uk]
The clinical and EEG data of a 49-year-old man with myoclonic and generalized tonic-clonic seizures resulting from early childhood encephalitis are described. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Tremor
Side effects of TCAs (tricyclic antidepressants) Fairly common side effects include dry mouth, blurred vision, drowsiness, dizziness, and tremors sexual problems, blurred vision, dizziness, drowsiness, skin rash, and weight gain or loss. [clinical-depression.co.uk]
1 (mild euphoria) 1 (mild tremor) CSR 050-201 A13 Parallel study Male: 24. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Typical symptoms include tremor, restlessness, mild respiratory problems, and weak cry. Teens and young adults. All depression medications carry an increased risk of suicide in children and young adults. People who may have bipolar disorder. [helpguide.org]
Such combinations cause excessive serotonin levels in the brain, which may lead to confusion, high blood pressure, tremor, hyperactivity, coma, and death. [rxlist.com]
Symptoms include agitation, confusion, sweating, tremors, and a rapid heart rate The precipitation of a manic episode in people with undiagnosed bipolar disorder Duloxetine : A severe discontinuation syndrome MAOIs: Very severe drug interactions, very [drugs.com]
- Amnesia
The amnesia subscale was unrelated to HAM-D percent change. LIMITATIONS: Possible inadequate blinding; combined MDD/BD datasets might have underrepresented ketamine's antidepressant efficacy; the possibility of Type I errors in secondary analyses. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Symptoms include nightmares, flashbacks, sweating, rapid heart rate, detachment, amnesia, sleep problems, irritability, and exaggerated startle response. Treatment may involve psychotherapy, group support, and medication. [medicinenet.com]
Central nervous: amnesia The adverse event amnesia was only recorded by Reimherr 1990. [doi.org]
Workup
• Physical examination and laboratory investigations in order to identify any medical problems that could contribute to or mimic depressive symptoms (e.g., hypothyroidism and anemia, leading to TSH, B12, and Hb testing being part of the workup). • Review [bcmj.org]
Treatment
Abstract Antidepressant treatment in primary care is inconsistent with treatment recommendations, and many patients discontinue treatment within 6 months. How this affects treatment outcomes is unknown. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
[…] the next treatment. [dx.doi.org]
[…] adequately from several prior treatments. [ajp.psychiatryonline.org]
Prognosis
Research suggests that psychotherapy may play an important role in enhancing the effects of antidepressant drug therapy and improving patients' long-term prognosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Etiology
PEA has been postulated to play a role in the etiology of migraine headache and aggression. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
It should be emphasized, however, that the demonstration of such a biochemical abnormality would not necessarily imply a genetic or constitutional, rather than an environmental or psychological, etiology of depression.Whereas specific genetic factors [dx.doi.org]
[…] arthroplasty who were on serotonergic antidepressants, it was found that though the intraoperative blood loss was significant; it was clinically unimportant. [6] SSRIs and pregnancy complications Serotonin has been suggested to play an important role in the etiology [jpharmacol.com]
Epidemiology
These figures are supported by epidemiological findings. [doi.org]
Several other epidemiological studies have found no association between SSRIs and ASD. [sciencemag.org]
Antidepressant Use and Lifetime History of Mental Disorders in a Community Sample: Results From the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2015. [medicaldaily.com]
Pathophysiology
AIMS: To relate recent findings from the basic neurosciences to the pathophysiology of depressive disorder. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Nevertheless, several studies within the last decade have provided evidence suggesting that environmental factors play an important role in MDD pathophysiology. [dx.doi.org]
Aims To relate recent findings from the basic neurosciences to the pathophysiology of depressive disorder. [bjp.rcpsych.org]
Prevention
Doogan DP, Caillard V: Sertraline in the prevention of depression. Br J Psychiatry 1992;160:217-222. [doi.org]