Presentation
Results: A total of 181 neonates presented with CKD. Their mean age at the time of presentation was 11.1 days (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.5-12.8) and the mean creatinine level was 106.5 µmol/ (95% CI: 91.3-121.7). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
The higher the stage (G1->G5) and the greater the amount of protein present in the urine (A1->A3) the more “severe” the CKD. [renal.org]
It is present when the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m 2 for three consecutive months or greater than or equal to this value in patients with a kidney damage that is present for three or more months 1. [radiopaedia.org]
Hematological
- Easy Bruising
These include fatigue, drowsiness, decrease in urination or inability to urinate, dry skin, itchy skin, headache, weight loss, nausea, bone pain, skin and nail changes and easy bruising. [hopkinsmedicine.org]
bruising, bleeding and poor blood clotting Bone pain and fractures Decreased sexual interest and erectile dysfunction Change in energy level or strength Lightheadedness High blood pressure – (although high blood pressure is a sign and not a symptom, [kibowbiotech.com]
bruising and bleeding blood in your stools hiccups excessive thirst decreased interest in sex impotence insomnia sleep apnea You may also have the symptoms of any diseases that are contributing to your kidney problems. [healthline.com]
[…] especially at night (nocturia); swelling of the legs and puffiness around the eyes (fluid retention); high blood pressure; fatigue and weakness (from anemia or accumulation of waste products in the body); loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting; itching, easy [emedicinehealth.com]
Entire Body System
- Anemia
The thyroid gland function should be assessed both in differential diagnostics of anemia and in case of unsatisfactory treatment with ESA. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
It also suggests that factors causing the anemia, not the anemia itself, have adverse consequences. [content.nejm.org]
The high rates of heart disease and anemia in the patients who died are consistent with the hypothesis that anemia accelerates the progression of heart disease and increases the risk of death. [archinte.ama-assn.org]
- Inflammation
[…] between oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Most important, we did not have direct measurements of inflammation ( e.g., C-reactive protein, IL-6) available to confirm the presence or absence of MICS. [jasn.asnjournals.org]
This article reviews the recent epidemiologic data linking obesity and the metabolic syndrome to CKD and summarizes the potential mechanisms of renal injury in this setting, with a focus on the role of inflammation, lipotoxicity, and hemodynamic factors [cjasn.asnjournals.org]
- Fatigue
The Vitality and Physical functioning domains of the SF-36 and the FACT-An Total, Fatigue and Anemia subscales were identified as domains relevant to CKD-associated anemia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
These include fatigue, drowsiness, decrease in urination or inability to urinate, dry skin, itchy skin, headache, weight loss, nausea, bone pain, skin and nail changes and easy bruising. [hopkinsmedicine.org]
Symptoms can include urinating at night, fatigue, nausea, itching, muscle twitching and cramps, loss of sensation, confusion, difficulty breathing, and yellow-brown skin. Diagnosis is by blood and urine tests. [merckmanuals.com]
Symptoms can include urinating at night, fatigue, nausea, itching, muscle twitching and cramps, loss of appetite, confusion, difficulty breathing, and body swelling (most commonly the legs). Diagnosis is by blood and urine tests. [msdmanuals.com]
- Weight Gain
Dialysis started one year later, and was followed by weight gain of about 5 kg. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
"Exercise may have an array of health benefits to these patients ranging from keeping their diabetes under control, maintaining healthy muscles and blood vessels to controlling weight gains after a transplant that are associated with prescribed medications [sciencedaily.com]
Physical activity can help lower blood pressure, control diabetes, and prevent weight gain. Ask your health care provider about physical activities that would be right for you. Avoid certain drugs and supplements. [choosingwiselycanada.org]
For those taking prednisone for long periods of time, these effects can be significant, including weight gain (especially around the face and trunk), moodiness, sleep disturbances, cataracts, and osteoporosis (weakening of the bones). [kidshealth.org]
- Malaise
Symptoms of a bladder infection in children include: Blood in the urine Cloudy urine Foul or strong urine odor Frequent or urgent need to urinate General ill feeling ( malaise ) Pain or burning with urination Pressure or pain in the lower pelvis or lower [nlm.nih.gov]
Additional problems include low bone mineralization, muscle breakdown, insulin resistance, high triglycerides, systemic inflammation, low blood pressure, and malaise. 2-5 Restoring metabolic balance by reversing metabolic acidosis is one of the goals [lifeextension.com]
Potassium accumulates in the blood (hyperkalemia with a range of symptoms including malaise and potentially fatal cardiac arrhythmias). [en.wikipedia.org]
Respiratoric
- Pleural Effusion
To the best of our knowedge, this is the first case where C. meningosepticum is isolated from the pleural effusion, from India. © 2014 International Society for Hemodialysis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Signs of CKD include increased skin pigmentation or excoriation, pallor, hypertension, postural hypotension, peripheral oedema, left ventricular hypertrophy, peripheral vascular disease, pleural effusions, peripheral neuropathy and restless legs syndrome [patient.info]
Gastrointestinal
- Nausea
The symptoms of hypercalcemia include: Feeling tired Difficulty thinking clearly Loss of appetite Nausea Vomiting Constipation Increased thirst Increased urination Weight loss Other side effects of Vitamin D include: Diarrhea Nausea Swelling Allergic [emedicinehealth.com]
A 69-year-old male was admitted to the hospital with a chief complaint of abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. He had an extensive past medical history, including diabetes mellitus type 2 and chronic kidney disease stage III. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Diet may also help alleviate symptoms of nausea. Salt intake must be carefully regulated to control hypertension. Potassium and phosphorus consumption, over time, may also need to be restricted. [medicalnewstoday.com]
Adults can have non-specific symptoms like nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and easy fatigability. Hypertension is common in adults with chronic kidney disease. [radiopaedia.org]
- Polydipsia
[…] intake to prevent disease such as nephrolithiasis; ( 2 ) those who need a high fluid intake to compensate for a underlying disease, such as renal or central diabetes insipidus or salt-wasting nephropathy; and ( 3 ) those who have conditions such as polydipsia [cjasn.asnjournals.org]
Cardiovascular
- Hypertension
AND chronic kidney disease Hypertensive heart AND chronic kidney disease with congestive heart failure Hypertensive heart and CKD Hypertensive heart and CKD, w CHF Hypertensive heart and kidney disease Hypertensive heart and kidney disease with chf Hypertensive [icd9data.com]
Author information 1 Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, WAM Teaching Hospital, 90-549 Lodz, Poland. [email protected]. 2 Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Musculoskeletal
- Bone Pain
These include fatigue, drowsiness, decrease in urination or inability to urinate, dry skin, itchy skin, headache, weight loss, nausea, bone pain, skin and nail changes and easy bruising. [hopkinsmedicine.org]
Renal osteodystrophy may lead to bone pain and an increased risk of fractures. Drugs Mentioned In This Article sodium polystyrene sulfonate KALEXATE No US brand name ALDACTONE DDAVP, STIMATE DYRENIUM MIDAMOR RENAGEL ZETIA FOSRENOL [merckmanuals.com]
[…] due to inflammation around the heart Shortness of breath from fluid in the lungs Easy bruising, bleeding and poor blood clotting Bone pain and fractures Decreased sexual interest and erectile dysfunction Change in energy level or strength Lightheadedness [kibowbiotech.com]
Your bones may release calcium, too. This causes your bones to become weak over time. Renal flow and scan A renal scan is an imaging study of kidney function. [healthline.com]
- Arthralgia
Symptoms and historical issues associated with CKD should also be elicited such as dyspnea, changes in weight, edema, rashes, arthralgias, hematuria, osteoporosis, anemia, confusion, nausea, bruising, and other signs of uremia. [clinicaladvisor.com]
Neurologic
- Headache
In the immediate postoperative period, he developed sudden, severe headache and was found to have bifrontal extradural hemorrhage. He underwent prompt drainage of the hematoma and was discharged on the fifth postoperative day in stable condition. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
These include fatigue, drowsiness, decrease in urination or inability to urinate, dry skin, itchy skin, headache, weight loss, nausea, bone pain, skin and nail changes and easy bruising. [hopkinsmedicine.org]
Kidney Disease Symptoms More frequent urination, especially at night Feeling tired and having less energy Trouble sleeping Nausea Headaches Weight loss and/or loss of appetite Swelling in feet, ankles or around the eyes due to fluid buildup There are [mottchildren.org]
The waste buildup can make you sick and you may have these symptoms: swelling of the ankles, face or belly, vomiting, loss of appetite, fatigue, weakness, confusion and headaches. [heart.org]
- Lethargy
Case study 2 June, 83 years of age, is a female nursing home resident with a 3 month history of lethargy, anorexia and itch. [racgp.org.au]
Symptoms of anaemia include: tiredness lethargy shortness of breath (dyspnoea) palpitations (awareness of heartbeat) Anaemia can occur because of many other conditions and your doctor will investigate to rule out any other possible causes. [hse.ie]
Encephalopathy, a condition in which the brain malfunctions, may ensue and lead to confusion, lethargy, and seizures. Heart failure may cause shortness of breath. Body swelling may develop, particularly in the legs. [msdmanuals.com]
Urea accumulates, leading to azotemia and ultimately uremia (symptoms ranging from lethargy to pericarditis and encephalopathy). [en.wikipedia.org]
- Somnolence
Herein we reported a patient who was a 27-year-old foreign workman brought to the emergency ward with blurred vision in both eyes, neck pain, somnolence, and altered mental status. He had no known medical or family history. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
[…] possibly resulting in death Encephalopathy: Can progress to coma and death Peripheral neuropathy Restless leg syndrome Gastrointestinal symptoms: Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea Skin manifestations: Dry skin, pruritus, ecchymosis Fatigue, increased somnolence [emedicine.medscape.com]
Neurologic sequelae include lethargy, somnolence, reversal of the sleep-wake cycle, and cognitive or memory deficits. Focal neurologic deficits are rarely caused solely by uremia. [emedicine.com]
- Paresthesia
Neuromuscular irritability is seen with hypocalcemia and may present as tetany or paresthesia. Hypermagnesemia causes neuromuscular depression with weakness and loss of reflexes. [emedicine.com]
- Numbness of the Hand
[…] in your hands and feet restless leg syndrome brittle hair and nails itching weight loss a loss of muscle mass muscle twitching and cramps easy bruising and bleeding blood in your stools hiccups excessive thirst decreased interest in sex impotence insomnia [healthline.com]
Workup
Acute Kidney Injury Workup. Medscape Reference. Available online at http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/243492-workup#c13. Accessed May 2016. (April 2014) Seaborg E. New Biomarkers Offer Hope for Identifying Acute Kidney Injury Risk. [labtestsonline.it]
Other benefits of early nephrology referral include proper patient education regarding options for renal replacement therapy as well as pre-emptive transplantation, and timely workup and placement of an arteriovenous fistula in those patients opting for [en.wikipedia.org]
[…] stenosis, renal atheroembolic disease, atherosclerosis with aortorenal occlusion, and certain cases of necrotizing vasculitis (eg, polyarteritis nodosa) Renal biopsy: Can be useful in identifying intrarenal causes of AKI and directing targeted therapy See Workup [emedicine.com]
The increasing sensitivity of cTn assays has had a dramatic impact on the use of cTn testing, which is now an essential component of the diagnostic workup and management of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). [journal.frontiersin.org]
Serum
- Glomerular Filtration Rate Decreased
Her estimated glomerular filtration rate decreased from an admission value of 34 mL/min/1.73 m2 to 13 mL/min/1.73 m2. CT scan showed retroperitoneal haematoma. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Pleura
- Pleural Effusion
To the best of our knowedge, this is the first case where C. meningosepticum is isolated from the pleural effusion, from India. © 2014 International Society for Hemodialysis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Signs of CKD include increased skin pigmentation or excoriation, pallor, hypertension, postural hypotension, peripheral oedema, left ventricular hypertrophy, peripheral vascular disease, pleural effusions, peripheral neuropathy and restless legs syndrome [patient.info]
Treatment
An extensive study evidenced that treatment and prevention of coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus, and anemia should be the target treatment to reduce the mortality of patients with CKD 3. [radiopaedia.org]
Since there are limited treatments for CKD, others with CKD may benefit from acupuncture and herbal treatments. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Few studies have examined the safety and efficacy of pharmacotherapy for treatment of dyslipidemia in the CKD population, and ongoing studies such as the Study of Heart and Renal Protection (SHARP) should help clarify the current treatment guidelines. [doi.org]
Prognosis
The Kaplan-Meier survival curves demonstrated that patients with a higher TFF1 and TFF3 alone, or in combination with macroalbuminuria, had a significantly worse renal prognosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium (CKD-PC) is a research group composed of investigators representing cohorts from around the world. Investigators share data for the purpose of collaborative meta-analyses to study prognosis in CKD. [jhsph.edu]
[…] irregularities papillary calcifications cysts (see also: acquired cystic kidney disease ) Abnormal Doppler findings in these patients are 2 : reduced renal vascularity increased resistance index (RI) values (segmental and interlobular arteries) Treatment and prognosis [radiopaedia.org]
Etiology
Clinical presentation depends a lot on etiology. Children with chronic kidney disease can have growth disorder, edema and cola colored urine (due to RBC casts). [radiopaedia.org]
CONCLUSION: Congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract is the most common etiology in neonates with CKD. Chronic kidney disease in neonates is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Epidemiology
Long Beach, the Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), and the Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor–UCLA, Torrance — all in California (K.K. [doi.org]
Several recent epidemiologic studies have shown that obesity and the metabolic syndrome are independent predictors of CKD. [cjasn.asnjournals.org]
A cross-sectional analytical epidemiological study was conducted based on active screening for chronic kidney disease and risk factors in persons aged ≥18 years during 2009-2011. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Pathophysiology
Aging and the Kidney: Clinical and Pathophysiological Issues Introduction Pathophysiology Pathogenesis Diagnosis Treatment Summary References Chapter 12. [elsevier.com]
This pathophysiological cascade is still incompletely understood. Patients with advanced CKD and dialysis patients are especially at risk to develop CUA. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Prevention
Prevention It is not too ambitious to consider CKD prevention. Hypertension and diabetes are the major causes of CKD in developed nations. [jasn.asnjournals.org]
The results of the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) show that moderate exercise, a healthier diet, and weight reduction can prevent the development of type 2 diabetes [healthypeople.gov]
Treating the condition that is causing the problem may help prevent or delay CKD. People who have diabetes should control their blood sugar and blood pressure levels and should not smoke. [nlm.nih.gov]
Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels. JAMA. 1998 ; 279 : 1615–1622. [circ.ahajournals.org]