A review of the literature was performed to elucidate the etiology, pathogenesis, presentation, diagnosis, classification, and management of plastic bronchitis. [ohsu.pure.elsevier.com]

A 27-year-old woman presented with a 2-month history of sudden cough with thick sputum sometimes forming a cast of the bronchial tree ( Figure 1A ). She denied any medical or surgical history. [doi.org]

Few month before he presented to the pulmonary clinic, he had wheezing and rhonchi. He had no viral illness, no fever and no sick contact. No recent travel. [scholarworks.wmich.edu]

• Chills

  الصفحة 226 - Paroxysm commenced at 8 am Hard and shaking chills, lasting one hour, after which great thirst, followed by fever with no thirst; headache; flushed face; dry, red eyes, and after the fever, sweating with thirst; but very profuse perspiration [books.google.com]

  It begins with a chill or rigor, followed by high febrile reaction. The pulse is sharp and frequent, the respiration hurried, with a sense of constriction in the chest. Dyspnea early comes on, attended by paroxysms of coughing. [henriettes-herb.com]

  However, standing still and getting 'a chill' is not good. Cough Medicines: People rush out to buy cough medicines in effort to make the cough "go away". They do very little. The immune system does the real job. [bakerpediatrics.com]

  […] or stroke Coma Problems with swallowing Alcoholism Intravenous drug abuse Signs and Symptoms Signs and symptoms can vary and are also dependent on the cause and initially, symptoms are similar to that of a cold followed by[14]: A high fever (pyrexia) Chills [physio-pedia.com]

  Signs and symptoms of both acute and chronic bronchitis include: a persistent cough, which may produce mucus wheezing a low fever and chills a feeling of tightness in the chest a sore throat body aches breathlessness headaches a blocked nose and sinuses [medicalnewstoday.com]

• Disability

  Please enable JS and disable any ad blocker [livre.fnac.com]

  Learning disabilities and poor motivation to achieve due to prolonged iodine deficiency. Am J Clin Nutr 1996;63(5):782-786. 56230 Bernardini, J., Piraino, B., Holley, J., Johnston, J. R., and Lutes, R. [sohf.nl]

• Surgical Procedure

  Thirty two of the patients were re-do hypospadias cases with one to six previous surgical procedures. [medeniyetmedicaljournal.org]

• Anorexia

  Our patient was a 15-year-old boy with a history of CF, chronically colonized with oxacillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, who was admitted for fever of 39°C, asthenia, anorexia, and chest pain in [archbronconeumol.org]

• Cough

  Dyspnea early comes on, attended by paroxysms of coughing. At first the cough is dry, with but little expectoration, though often of a bloody character. [henriettes-herb.com]

  Taking a brisk walk, skiing or ice skating in the cold won't worsen a cough. However, standing still and getting 'a chill' is not good. Cough Medicines: People rush out to buy cough medicines in effort to make the cough "go away". [bakerpediatrics.com]

  This causes you to cough. Sometimes it is a dry cough, but often you will cough up mucus (sputum). [lung.org]

• Dyspnea

  Dyspnea early comes on, attended by paroxysms of coughing. At first the cough is dry, with but little expectoration, though often of a bloody character. [henriettes-herb.com]

  Two days after bronchoscopy, the patient rejected more bronchial casts, and dyspnea improved. Control of chest-x-ray revealed complete left lung aeration (Figure 4). [hindawi.com]

  […] several conditions, such as the presence of diphtheria and pneumonia, and blood-casts may appear in connection with hemoptysis; but apart from these, there occurs an independent disorder, in which bronchial casts are expelled in paroxysms attended with dyspnea [jamanetwork.com]

  In the physical examination, the patient presented dyspnea preceding the expectoration of the casts, as well as diffuse rhonchi and wheezing in the pulmonary auscultation. [scielo.br]

  Citation metadata Abstract : Fibrinous bronchitis, also known as plastic bronchitis or pseudomembranous bronchitis, usually manifests clinically with non-productive cough and dyspnea. [go.gale.com]

• Productive Cough

  Citation metadata Abstract : Fibrinous bronchitis, also known as plastic bronchitis or pseudomembranous bronchitis, usually manifests clinically with non-productive cough and dyspnea. [go.gale.com]

  Fibrinous bronchitis, also known as plastic bronchitis or pseudomembranous bronchitis, usually manifests clinically with non-productive cough and dyspnea. [jpedres.org]

  Patients present with a short history (i.e. less than ~2 months) of breathlessness, non-productive cough, weight loss, malaise and fever. There is no association with smoking. [radiopaedia.org]

  We present an interesting case of a 35-year-old woman who presented for evaluation of a chronic cough productive of voluminous secretions. [hindawi.com]

• Hemoptysis

  Abstract Aim: To investigate whether corticosteroids are effective in the treatment of plastic bronchitis with hemoptysis. Methods: A retrospective, clinical study was undertaken. [doi.org]

  Fibrinous casts are formed in the bronchial tubes under several conditions, such as the presence of diphtheria and pneumonia, and blood-casts may appear in connection with hemoptysis; but apart from these, there occurs an independent disorder, in which [jamanetwork.com]

  In rare cases affected individuals may experience chest pain, joint pain (arthralgia), night sweats or coughing up blood (hemoptysis). [rarediseases.org]

  "Effective use of corticosteroids in treatment of plastic bronchitis with hemoptysis in Chinese adults". Acta Pharmacologica Sinica. 27 (9): 1206–12. doi:10.1111/j.1745-7254.2006.00418.x. PMID 16923342. [en.wikipedia.org]

• Pleural Effusion

  Post-operatively, she developed a persistent right sided pleural effusion. [priory.com]

  […] nontuberculous bacterial cause 511.8 Other specified forms of effusion, except tuberculous Encysted pleurisy Hemopneumothorax Hemothorax Hydropneumothorax Hydrothorax Excludes: traumatic (860.2-860.5, 862.29, 862.39) 511.9 Unspecified pleural effusion [theodora.com]

  Increased CRP Complications Pleural effusion - When fluid accumulates between the pleura and the chest wall due to the large amount of fluid already present in the lungs. [physio-pedia.com]

  […] of persistent chylous pleural effusions and 1 patient after orthotropic heart transplant. [doi.org]

• Loss of Appetite

  The following may also occur: Dyspnoea Sharp chest pain Worsening cough Fever/chills Tachycardia Pleuritic chest pain Headaches Malaise Muscle pains Cyanosis due to poorly oxygenated blood Loss of appetite Rapid breathing Wheezing or grunting during breathing [physio-pedia.com]

• Odynophagia

  Other symptoms may include odynophonia (pain when speaking), dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), odynophagia (pain when swallowing), sore throat, congestion, fatigue, and malaise. [atsu.edu]

• Heart Disease

  […] that often occurs in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) who have undergone staged single-ventricle palliation. [scholars.opb.msu.edu]

  Underlying etiologies include congenital heart disease, pulmonary disorders, and a few other conditions. [ohsu.pure.elsevier.com]

  Plastic bronchitis is an uncommon disease most frequently encountered in the pediatric population with congenital heart disease after heart surgery ( 1, 2 ). Plastic bronchitis exhibits variable and nonspecific clinical manifestations. [doi.org]

  Plastic bronchitis is a very rare entity, and carries a poorer prognosis when it develops after congenital heart disease, as in our case. [jpedres.org]

• Vascular Disease

  […] broncholitis/bronchitis Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Langerhans cell histiocytosis (histiocytosis X) Lymphangioleiomyomatosis Pneumoconioses Sarcoidosis Secondary to other known causes Collagen vascular disease Drug reactions Lymphangitic carcinoma You [surgpathcriteria.stanford.edu]

  Therapy of lower extremity infections with ciprofloxacin in patients with diabetes mellitus, peripheral vascular disease, or both. Am J Med 1989;86(6 Pt 2):801-808. 56119 Holloway, G. A., Jr., Johansen, K. H., Barnes, R. W., and Pierce, G. E. [sohf.nl]

• Night Sweats

  In rare cases affected individuals may experience chest pain, joint pain (arthralgia), night sweats or coughing up blood (hemoptysis). [rarediseases.org]

  Fever (to 38°C), night sweats, and progressive dyspnea subsequently developed, and expectoration of large bronchial casts prompted admission to his local hospital 6 weeks before the current referral. [mayoclinicproceedings.org]

• Suggestibility

  It is more common in patients with asthma and chronic bronchitis, but is not restricted to these diseases, as suggested elsewhere. [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

  It has also been suggested that the bronchial casts result from chylous exudation, but this view has not received acceptance. [jamanetwork.com]

  Multiple CXR and a CT scan shows persistent retrocardial opacity suggesting atelectasis or pneumonia. He started to expectorate “stuff” before his pulmonary visit, reported as many eosinophil with normal flora. [scholarworks.wmich.edu]

• Headache

  الصفحة 226 - Paroxysm commenced at 8 am Hard and shaking chills, lasting one hour, after which great thirst, followed by fever with no thirst; headache; flushed face; dry, red eyes, and after the fever, sweating with thirst; but very profuse perspiration [books.google.com]

  The person may have: a cough with or without mucus chest discomfort or soreness fever a mild headache and body aches shortness of breath Symptoms usually go away after a few days or weeks. [medicalnewstoday.com]

  The following may also occur: Dyspnoea Sharp chest pain Worsening cough Fever/chills Tachycardia Pleuritic chest pain Headaches Malaise Muscle pains Cyanosis due to poorly oxygenated blood Loss of appetite Rapid breathing Wheezing or grunting during breathing [physio-pedia.com]

The patient was previously diagnosed case of beta thalassemia minor as a part of workup done for her daughter who has Thalassemia major. General examination was normal. [lungindia.com]

The results of laboratory tests, such as blood workup, determination of electrolyte concentrations, blood gas analysis and identification of inflammatory markers, were normal, with the exception of the serum levels of IgE, which were elevated (300 IU/ [scielo.br]

• Atelectasis

  Posteroanterior and lateral chest X-ray showed left upper lobe atelectasis. He was admitted for the administration of intravenous antibiotic therapy with piperacillin–tazobactam and tobramycin. [archbronconeumol.org]

  A computed tomography (CT) scan of the patient’s chest showed right lower lobe atelectasis (Figure 1B). [cmaj.ca]

  Radiographic evaluation reveals the site of the bronchial cast impaction, demonstrating atelectasis or infiltrates. Hyperinflation is often evident on the contralateral side. [hindawi.com]

  Massive atelectasis due to fibrinous bronchitis. Thorax. 1953 Dec; 8 (4):301–302. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] Articles from Thorax are provided here courtesy of BMJ Publishing Group [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Case presentation We report on 22-month-old monozygotic twins presenting with atelectasis triggered by a simple respiratory tract infection. [bmcpediatr.biomedcentral.com]

• Streptococcus Pneumoniae

  Acute fibrinous bronchitis observed in diphtheria, pneumonia, caused by streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococci), and other diseases. [omedicine.info]

  Other Causes of Epiglottitis Bacteria Streptococcus groups A, B, and C, Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus parainfluenza, Neisseria meningitidis Viruses Varicella zoster [atsu.edu]

  organism unspecified 482 Other bacterial pneumonia 482.0 Pneumonia due to Klebsiella pneumoniae 482.1 Pneumonia due to Pseudomonas 482.2 Pneumonia due to Hemophilus influenzae [H. influenzae] 482.3 Pneumonia due to Streptococcus Excludes: Streptococcus [theodora.com]

  The alveoli become inflamed and pus is produced, which spreads around the lungs[6]: Streptococcus pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenza, legionella pneumophilia and Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)[5] Legionella pneumophila [physio-pedia.com]

• Pleural Effusion

  Post-operatively, she developed a persistent right sided pleural effusion. [priory.com]

  […] nontuberculous bacterial cause 511.8 Other specified forms of effusion, except tuberculous Encysted pleurisy Hemopneumothorax Hemothorax Hydropneumothorax Hydrothorax Excludes: traumatic (860.2-860.5, 862.29, 862.39) 511.9 Unspecified pleural effusion [theodora.com]

  Increased CRP Complications Pleural effusion - When fluid accumulates between the pleura and the chest wall due to the large amount of fluid already present in the lungs. [physio-pedia.com]

  […] of persistent chylous pleural effusions and 1 patient after orthotropic heart transplant. [doi.org]

Collectively, these data support that in our PB patients, casts are composed of fibrin and are responsive to tPA treatment. [scholars.opb.msu.edu]

Treatment includes rigid bronchoscopy with cast removal and treatment of the underlying condition. [ohsu.pure.elsevier.com]

Diagnosis and treatment of lymphatic plastic bronchitis in adults using advanced lymphatic imaging and percutaneous embolization. Ann Am Thorac Soc, 13 (2016), pp. 1689-1696 [7] B.K. Rubin. Plastic bronchitis. [archbronconeumol.org]

Treatment strategies vary from medical treatment including steroids and various inhaled lytic agents, to bronchoscopy and other surgical interventions. [jpedres.org]

Prognosis.—The acute form is a grave disease, and the prognosis should be guarded. The chronic form generally results favorably, although attacks may recur for years. Where there is a history of tuberculosis the outlook is not so favorable. [henriettes-herb.com]

Plastic bronchitis is a very rare entity, and carries a poorer prognosis when it develops after congenital heart disease, as in our case. [go.gale.com]

The prognosis of plastic bronchitis is generally favorable if the disease is properly treated at the beginning and if the research of associated diseases is negative. [hindawi.com]

Underlying etiologies include congenital heart disease, pulmonary disorders, and a few other conditions. [ohsu.pure.elsevier.com]

Certain conditions have both an underlying etiology and multiple body system manifestations due to the underlying etiology. [icd10coded.com]

Of this last-named condition, the etiology and the pathology are obscure. The disorder is generally chronic and characterized by recurring paroxysms. [jamanetwork.com]

We defend the early use of FB in patients with CF and persistent atelectasis, to assist in the etiological diagnosis, instillation of mucolytics, and extraction of possible bronchial casts. References [1] S. Feray, P. Mora, M. Decavele, T. [archbronconeumol.org]

Organizing pneumonia (OP) is a histological pattern of alveolar inflammation with varied etiology (including pulmonary infection). [radiopaedia.org]

الصفحة 441 - Becklake MR: Asbestos-related diseases of the lung and other organs: Their epidemiology and implications for clinical practice. ‏ الصفحة 279 - Intravascular activation of complement and acute lung injury. [books.google.com]

Epidemiology[edit] To date, about 420 cases have been reported in the medical literature.[1] Given its unusual nature, the true prevalence of PB is unknown, and it is likely that many patients are undiagnosed. [en.wikipedia.org]

Although lymphatic abnormalities have been postulated to play a role in the disease process, the etiology and pathophysiology of this complication remain incompletely understood. [doi.org]

Our results suggest that cast formation is mainly related to the metaplastic transformation of the bronchial epithelium and that this metaplasia may play an important pathophysiologic role in certain infants and children with obstructive bronchitis. [jamanetwork.com]

Plastic bronchitis likely occurs as a result of isolated or combined effects of the above pathophysiologies. [priory.com]

Conclusion Our case report is the first to describe two simultaneously affected monozygotic twins and substantiates the hypothesis of a contributing genetic factor in the pathophysiology of this disease. [bmcpediatr.biomedcentral.com]

Prevention Phimosis may be prevented by good hygiene. This includes fully pulling back the foreskin, so you can clean under it during bathing. Paraphimosis can be prevented by carefully replacing the foreskin every time it is pulled back. [drugs.com]

Preventing lung infections keeps people healthier year round. Hand washing: Washing hands regularly, as well as keeping surfaces clean, may help to prevent viruses from infecting others. [medicalnewstoday.com]

The patient was given t-PA every six hourly on long term basis to prevent recurrence of bronchial cast formation. (2) Treatment and prevention of bronchial inflammation and injury: Steroids and antibiotics have been used widely to treat plastic bronchitis [priory.com]

Preventing Acute Bronchitis Avoiding lung irritants is important for preventing acute bronchitis as well as treating it. If you smoke, quit. [foundation.chestnet.org]