Symptoma

Generalized Clonic or Tonic-Clonic Seizures

Only 27% of the seizures had all five phases of the main seizure, but tonic Phase 5 and clonic Phases 6–7 were present in 95 and 98%, respectively. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

CJD typically presents with dementia, ataxia, myoclonus, and other abnormal movements; however, there is considerable clinical and pathologic overlap between FFI and CJD, and some individuals with D178N and met129 may present with a phenotype suggestive [mendelian.co]

Hence, the laboratory dynamics reported here present trends, but not accurate kinetics. [bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com]

The study was presented at the 2015 American Academy of Neurology Annual Meeting in Washington, D.C. “At the present time, we are practicing based on reports by our patients who often don't realize when they have seizures,” José E. [neurologyadvisor.com]

  • Falling

    The person loses consciousness and falls to the floor. The tongue or cheek may be bitten, so bloody saliva may come from the mouth. The person may turn a bit blue in the face. [epilepsynewengland.org]

    Please obtain help should the individual fall and injure him/herself. [edmontonepilepsy.org]

    A person undergoing a convulsion loses consciousness and falls to the ground. The fall is sometimes preceded by a shrill scream caused by forcible expiration of air as the respiratory and laryngeal muscles suddenly contract. [britannica.com]

    […] to the ground.— Jen Waters, The Washington Times, 4 July 2006 Most often, though, they [seizures] fall in a well-documented spectrum of mental and somatic anomalies, from the transient episodes of decreased awareness known as absence (formerly called [merriam-webster.com]

    […] which may be tactile, visual, auditory, or musical. gen·er·al·ized ton·ic-clo·nic sei·zure a generalized seizure characterized by the sudden onset of tonic contraction of the muscles often associated with a cry or moan, and frequently resulting in a fall [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  • Nausea

    The most common adverse events were dizziness, somnolence and nausea. [cochrane.org]

    The person may experience abnormal sensations such as a particular smell, vertigo, nausea, or anxiety. If the person is familiar with having seizures, they may recognize the warning signs of a seizure about to begin. [hopkinsmedicine.org]

    […] that do not go away; swelling of your face; shortness of breath; swelling of the legs; yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes; or dark urine The most common side effects of FYCOMPA include: dizziness; sleepiness; tiredness; irritability; falls; nausea [fycompa.com]

The awake EEG of patients with generalized tonic-clonic seizure may be normal; however, certain specific interictal EEG patterns can be distinctive of generalized epilepsy syndromes (see Workup). [emedicine.medscape.com]

These patients were discharged with a recommendation for a thorough cardiac workup but lost to follow up. [bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com]

  • Spike-and-Slow-Waves

    Infantile spasms have a hypsarrhythmia pattern on EEG which has an asymmetric disorganized mixture of spikes and slow waves. 9. [hawaii.edu]

    […] will show a "progressive increase in low-voltage fast wave activity, followed by generalized high-amplitude, poly spike discharges." [2] The clonic phase EEG will show "high amplitude activity that is typically interrrupted by slow waves to create a spike-and-slow-wave [en.wikipedia.org]

  • Epileptiform Activity

    Indices derived from processed electroencephalogram may show aberrant values during seizure activity, mostly indicating falsely high index values because of high-frequency epileptiform activity. [anesthesiology.pubs.asahq.org]

    The cerebral cortex is the only area from which epileptiform activity arises with any frequency. [dartmouth.edu]

    When the system detects epileptiform activity, it directly stimulates the seizure focus, with the aim of disrupting epileptiform activity before a seizure can develop. [merckmanuals.com]

    If a patient has no epileptiform activity on an EEG does that rule-out epilepsy? Why? 8. What are typical EEG findings in generalized absence seizures? In infantile spasms? 9. [hawaii.edu]

  • Generalized Polyspikes

    Note the brief duration of both discharges (about 2 s) and the onset with generalized polyspikes of the discharge in the lower trace. [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

    The inclusion criteria for patient recruitment were as follows: (a) manifestation of typical clinical symptoms of GTCS; (b) presence of generalized polyspike-wave discharges on the patient’s scalp and sphenoidal electroencephalographic (including video [pubs.rsna.org]

  • Abnormal Spikes

    EEG may detect epileptiform abnormalities (spikes, sharp waves, spike and slow-wave complexes, polyspike and slow-wave complexes). [merckmanuals.com]

  • Polyspike-and-Slow-Waves

    EEG may detect epileptiform abnormalities (spikes, sharp waves, spike and slow-wave complexes, polyspike and slow-wave complexes). [merckmanuals.com]

  • Hypocapnia

    […] incidence of 5%. 2 Subclinical electroencephalographic activity during induction of anesthesia with sevoflurane has been demonstrated in 20% of children 2 and in 47% of adults 3 with spontaneous breathing, increasing with controlled hyperventilation and hypocapnia [anesthesiology.pubs.asahq.org]

It does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. This content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. [dravetsyndromenews.com]

The study will have 3 periods: prerandomization, when a baseline seizure frequency is established; treatment; and follow-up. [neurologylive.com]

Program Highlights ILAE classification of seizure types AAN Practice Guideline on SUDEP Updates in treatment-refractory generalized tonic-... [myana.org]

Unless a focal onset is clearly confirmed, a sodium-channel blocking AED should not be used in the initial treatment of these conditions. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Epilepsy with GTCS alone on awakening is probably lifelong with high (83%) incidence of relapse on withdrawal of treatment. Avoidance of seizure precipitants. [pennsw.com.au]

Abstract Clinical course and long-term seizure prognosis were studied in 155 patients with complex-partial seizures during a follow-up of 10.1 /- 1 (SD) years. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Each type of epilepsy presents with its own unique combination of seizure type, typical age of onset, EEG findings, treatment, and prognosis. [liveto.com]

The outlook or prognosis is variable – some people can be controlled with medication, while others may have tonic-clonic seizures that become frequent and less dependent on sleep-wake cycle or other triggers. [epilepsy.com]

thiopental, propofol, or midazolam Nonbenzodiazepine therapy (to prevent recurrence) : fosphenytoin or valproate Prognosis Status epilepticus is a life‑threatening event! [amboss.com]

Complications Complications in FTD/MND can include the following: Prognosis Progressive dementia with symptoms of executive dysfunction, personality change, and […] Background Sleep disorders are among the most common clinical problems encountered in [nvneurocare.com]

Etiology Epilepsy Although these seizures are referred to as unprovoked, they may be triggered by certain provocative factors! [amboss.com]

Nonspecific etiology a. Early myoclonic encephalopathy b. Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy with suppression burst c. Other symptomatic generalized epilepsies not defined above B. Specific etiology a. [liveto.com]

[…] repeated, chronic condition–epilepsy, and are caused by abnormal electrical activity at multiple locations in the brain, or over most of the brain, which may be accompanied by changes in mental status–alertness, awareness and/or focal neurologic Sx Etiology [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

This finding reflects the vasogenic and cytotoxic edema induced by seizure and can help exclude etiologic lesions such as tumors, inflammation and demyelinating disease that induce epilepsy. [synapse.koreamed.org]

SLE) Infectious etiologies:. .. .. Abscess. .. .. Encephalitis, meningitis. .. .. Rasmussen's syndrome (presumed viral) Tumors and Congential etiologies:. .. .. Heterotopias (refer to the chapter on developmental brain anomalies). .. .. [hawaii.edu]

1 Epidemiology and Outcome of Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy in Adults. 61 31838768 2019 2 Early necrotic skin lesions after a ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation: The threat of Cunninghamella Spp. 61 Belliere J...Kamar N 31529558 2019 3 Sleepwalking [malacards.org]

Definition References: [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] Epidemiology References: [6] Epidemiological data refers to the US, unless otherwise specified. [amboss.com]

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: epidemiology, mechanisms, and prevention. Lancet Neurol. 2016;15:1075–88. 47. Harden CL, Huff JS, Schwartz TH, Dubinsky RM, Zimmerman RD, Weinstein S, Foltin JC, Theodore WH. [bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com]

Approximately 75% of all persons who experience migraines are women (see Epidemiology). The term migraine is derived from the Greek word hemikrania. This term was corrupted into low Latin as hemigranea, the French translation of which was migraine. [nvneurocare.com]

Epidemiology, clinical characteristics and management of adults referred to a teaching hospital first seizure clinic. Postgrad Med J. 2005;81:715–8. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 14. Beach R, Reading R. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Currently, however, the neurovascular theory describes migraine as primarily a neurogenic process with secondary changes in cerebral perfusion associated with a sterile neurogenic inflammation (see Pathophysiology). [nvneurocare.com]

Therefore, the responsible pathophysiological mechanisms for ASE can hardly lie with the mere existence of absences in the clinical syndrome. [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

The presence of both anatomic and functional changes suggested that the bilateral ACC is important in the pathophysiology of IGE. [pubs.rsna.org]

Although substantial efforts have been made in the past decade, the pathophysiological mechanisms of GTCS remain largely unclear. [frontiersin.org]

In this updated article, the author details the clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, EEG, and neuroimaging of generalized onset tonic-clonic seizures and provides clues for correct diagnosis and optimal management of patients. [medlink.com]

Contrary to popular belief, nothing should be placed in the mouth during the seizure; turning the patient on one side will help prevent choking and keep the airway clear. [epilepsynw.org]

Treatment and Prevention Tonic clonic seizure treatment is primarily focused on prevention, and it is rare that a tonic clonic seizure needs to be treated while it is occurring. [verywellhealth.com]

Do - prevent crowds gathering round. Do - place a cushion or some clothing under the person's head to prevent injury. Do not - try to restrain the person. [patient.info]