Psychosis refers to an abnormal condition of the mind, often described as a loss of contact with reality. The two main symptoms of psychosis are hallucinations and delusions. The causes of psychosis have three main classifications: Psychological causes, General medical conditions and Substances.
Presentation
She presented to us with psychotic symptoms but also noted to have many catatonic features, which were also present on previous presentations. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Abstract: We are presenting a unique case of acute hypoglycemia presenting as acute psychosis with an unusual presentation creating a diagnostic dilemma. [priory.com]
Entire Body System
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Pressured Speech
She presented with a predominantly expansive mood, psychomotor agitation, disorganized and pressured speech, flight of ideas, grandiosity, delusions, and auditory hallucinations. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Psychiatrical
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Delusion
A delusion is where a person has an unshakeable belief in something untrue. [nhs.uk]
Antipsychotic drugs, which reduce hallucinations and delusions and improve thinking and behavior, are helpful. How well a person does depends on the cause of the psychosis. If the cause can be corrected, the outlook is often good. [nlm.nih.gov]
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Psychiatric Manifestation
According to the literature, this psychiatric manifestation resolves within 2 weeks of discontinuing the offending agent. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Psychiatric manifestations are widely known and well documented [ 40 – 43 ], occurring in 24–70% of patients in acute porphyria series [ 44, 45 ]. [doi.org]
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Flat Affect
flat affect, lack of initiative) rare deterioration of the patients' personality absence of psychosis in the patient's family absence of premorbid schizoid traits and better premorbid day-to-day function psychosis marked by ideas of reference, paranoid [epilepsy.com]
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia include: Flat affect (reduced emotional expression) Social withdrawal (loss of interest in social activities) Anhedonia (reduction or loss of ability to experience pleasure) Avolition (reduced motivation or inability [therecoveryvillage.com]
Symptoms may include bizarre delusions, prominent hallucinations, incoherence, flat affect, avolition, and anhedonia. Functioning is impaired in interpersonal, academic, or occupational relations and self-care. [dualdiagnosis.org]
Mood disturbances, including euphoria, irritability, and labile or flat affect, have often accompanied psychotic symptoms in these patients. Similarly, anxiety and agitation were reported in almost half of the reported cases. [acnp.org]
For example, Tsuang et al. (61) noted that negative symptoms (especially flat affect and avolition), but not positive symptoms, were significantly elevated in schizophrenia families. [dx.doi.org]
Neurologic
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Headache
After he developed nausea and headache later that evening, the CT scan revealed a temporal bone fracture, pneumocephalus, intraparenchymal haemorrhage and the presence of a metal pen tip lodged in the brain parenchyma. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Consider a scan when psychosis is comorbid with: age 40 neurologic complaints (such as headache, numbness, vertigo, seizures) focal neurologic findings (such as weakness, gait abnormality, clonus, or spasticity) confusion, cognitive deficit, history of [mdedge.com]
Side effects of atypical antipsychotics The side effects for each type of medication vary but the most common side effects that occur to less than 10% of patients are: Weight gain Hypotension Tachycardia Insomnia Agitation Anxiety Headache Akathisia Hyperprolactinaemia [myvmc.com]
[…] dreams, amnesia, behavioural symptoms of impulse control disorders and compulsions such as binge eating, compulsive shopping, hypersexuality and pathological gambling; confusion, constipation, delusion, dizziness, dyskinesia, fatigue, hallucinations, headache [mt.glosbe.com]
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Personality Change
Symptoms may also include personality changes and emotional problems. There are many causes of dementia, including alzheimer disease, brain cancer, and brain injury. Dementia usually gets worse over time. [icd9data.com]
change, emotional lability • Fatigue, weakness, apathy, lethargy, daydreaming, sleepiness • Confusion, amnesia, dizziness, delirium • Staring, "glassy" look, blurred vision, double vision • Automatic behavior • Difficulty speaking, slurred speech • Ataxia [priory.com]
Group 3 is characterized by mild mental retardation and late‐onset behavioural or personality changes. [doi.org]
An elderly person with this disease experiences chronic confusion and loss of memory and may experience paranoia or other personality changes. [britannica.com]
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Focal Neurologic Deficit
Other neuroglycopenic manifestations include convulsive activity and the development of focal neurologic deficits. [priory.com]
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Automatic Behavior
behavior • Difficulty speaking, slurred speech • Ataxia, incoordination, sometimes mistaken for "drunkenness" • Focal or general motor deficit, paralysis, hemiparesis • Paresthesias, headache • Stupor, coma, abnormal breathing • Generalized or focal [priory.com]
Workup
OBJECTIVE: In this systematic review, we reviewed the association between Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) and psychosis and focused on the prevalence, clinical presentation, immunologic and neurological workup, treatment options, and clinical [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Psychiatric workup. If the history and physical exam reveal no organic basis, the next step is to determine the nature of this patient’s psychosis. [mdedge.com]
Endocrinology workup was negative for any obvious cause of hypoglycemia including insulinoma and extra pancreatic neoplasms. [priory.com]
Besides, other diagnostic workups failed to show any other reason for hepatitis. It is noteworthy that hepatitis with mildly elevated transaminase level is also a common finding in brucellosis [ 1 ]. [karger.com]
Treatment
All had undergone GA treatment with a minimum follow-up of 3 years. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
PHASE‐SPECIFIC TREATMENT (ACE) ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs TREATMENT AS USUAL Comparison 14. [doi.org]
Prognosis
Prompt recognition of the etiology of psychosis may improve treatment, consultation, and prognosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Abstract Objective : The objective is to provide an overview of the clinical features, prognosis, differential diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of postpartum psychosis. [doi.org]
Etiology
Psychosis can be attributable to a combination of factors and etiologies, and all possible causes must be systematically examined. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Epidemiology
Key aspects of the epidemiology, clinical spectrum, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment are reviewed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Ten epidemiological studies were relevant: three supported a causal relationship between cannabis use and diagnosed psychosis; five suggested that chronic cannabis intake increases the frequency of psychotic symptoms, but not of diagnosed psychosis; and [doi.org]
Pathophysiology
Current research is dealing with the delineation from "normality", the genetic underpinnings, and the causes and pathophysiology of the symptoms of psychosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
The review outlines the role of endogenous NAAG at NMDAR neurotransmission and its putative role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. [doi.org]
Prevention
Needs-based intervention was compared with specific preventive intervention comprising low-dose risperidone therapy (mean dosage, 1.3 mg/d) and cognitive behavior therapy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Prevention depends on the cause. For example, avoiding alcohol prevents psychosis caused by alcohol use. American Psychiatric Association. Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders. In: American Psychiatric Association. [nlm.nih.gov]